Engels contra Dawkins?: Gould, Levins, Lewontin e as reminiscências da dialética engelsiana na biologia
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2022-11-10
Autores
Paiva, Mikhael Lemos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A seguinte dissertação de mestrado expõe os resultados de uma pesquisa que mensurou as correlações e distanciamentos entre a filosofia de Engels e as concepções teórico-metodológicas dos chamados “biólogos dialéticos”, i.e., Stephen Jay Gould, Richard Levins e Lewontin. Inicialmente descrevendo a controversa ontologia engelsiana - que vê a dialética na natureza -, denotamos sua grande influência nas apreensões filosóficas dentro do marxismo e das Ciências Naturais contemporâneas, em áreas que variam desde a genética evolutiva ao emergentismo. Sintetizando logo após o projeto anterior vinculado a esta proposta – efetivado durante a graduação, no Brasil e no exterior – adentramos na área que, segundo nossos levantamentos, possui a mais indelével influência engelsiana dentro das Ciências da Natureza: a Biologia. Visando validar nossa hipótese, viz., que os renomados biólogos Gould, Levins e Lewontin seriam engelsianos filosóficos, realizamos um comparativo que relacione as principais obras e teorias destes cientistas com as noções de Friedrich Engels. Com o aprofundamento em um tema até então praticamente inexplorado, junto à sistemática análise de material, tentamos mapear acuradamente a ascendência do engelsianismo dentro da Biologia, aferindo como a dialética relaciona-se com a teoria de sistemas, modelos evolutivos pontuacionais, o dilema reducionismo/holismo, e outros pontos de debate cruciais internos não só à Filosofia da Biologia, como também à Filosofia da Ciência no geral.
The following Master’s degree dissertation shows the results of a research aiming to measure the correlations and divergences between Engels' Philosophy and the theoretical-methodological conceptions of the so called "dialectical biologists", i..e, Stephen Jay Gould, Richard Levins and Lewontin. Initially describing the controversial Engelsian ontology - that sees dialectics in nature -, we assess its considerable influence on the on the philosophical formulations inside Marxism and the Contemporary Natural Sciences, in areas that vary between evolutionary genetics to Emergentism. Synthesizing soon after the project tied to this proposal - made during the graduation, in Brazil and abroad - we enter the area that, according to our data gathering, has the greatest Engelsian influence inside the Natural Sciences: Biology. Wishing to validate our hypothesis, viz., that the renowned biologists Gould, Levins and Lewontin are philosophical Engelsians, we put forward a study that related the main works and theories of these scientists with the notions of Friedrich Engels. With the deepening on a theme until now practically unexplored, together with the systematical analysis of material, we tried to accurately map the ascendency of Engelsianism inside Biology, inferring how dialectics relates to system theory, punctuational evolutionary models, the reductionism/holism dilemma, and other crucial points of debate contained not only in the Philosophy of Biology, but also in the Philosophy of Science in general.
The following Master’s degree dissertation shows the results of a research aiming to measure the correlations and divergences between Engels' Philosophy and the theoretical-methodological conceptions of the so called "dialectical biologists", i..e, Stephen Jay Gould, Richard Levins and Lewontin. Initially describing the controversial Engelsian ontology - that sees dialectics in nature -, we assess its considerable influence on the on the philosophical formulations inside Marxism and the Contemporary Natural Sciences, in areas that vary between evolutionary genetics to Emergentism. Synthesizing soon after the project tied to this proposal - made during the graduation, in Brazil and abroad - we enter the area that, according to our data gathering, has the greatest Engelsian influence inside the Natural Sciences: Biology. Wishing to validate our hypothesis, viz., that the renowned biologists Gould, Levins and Lewontin are philosophical Engelsians, we put forward a study that related the main works and theories of these scientists with the notions of Friedrich Engels. With the deepening on a theme until now practically unexplored, together with the systematical analysis of material, we tried to accurately map the ascendency of Engelsianism inside Biology, inferring how dialectics relates to system theory, punctuational evolutionary models, the reductionism/holism dilemma, and other crucial points of debate contained not only in the Philosophy of Biology, but also in the Philosophy of Science in general.
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Dialética, Filosofia da biologia, Friedrich Engels, Lewis e Lewontin, Stephen Jay Gould, Ontologia marxista, Dialectics, Philosophy of biology, Marxist ontology
Como citar
PAIVA, Mikhael Lemos. Engels contra Dawkins?: Gould, Levins, Lewontin e as reminiscências da dialética engelsiana na biologia. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2022.