Diversidade genética de agentes transmitidos por vetores em quatis (Nasua nasua) em área periurbana no centro-oeste brasileiro
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2023-03-10
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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- Quatis (Nasua nasua) são procionídeos amplamente distribuídos na América do Sul que se adaptam facilmente a ambientes antropizados, vivendo em contato próximo com animais domésticos e humanos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a diversidade de ectoparasitas e a ocorrência de agentes transmitidos por vetores (Anaplasmataceae, Mycoplasmataceae, Bartonellaceae, Rickettsiaceae Babesiidae/Theileriidae, Hepatozoidae e Onchocercidae) em quatis e/ou ectoparasitas amostrados em duas áreas urbanas de Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Entre 2018 e 2019, dos 97 quatis capturados/recapturados foram coletados 2.242 carrapatos (838 larvas de Amblyomma, com maior infestação em janeiro, abril e maio; 1241 ninfas de Amblyomma sculptum e 150 ninfas de Amblyomma dubitatum, com maior infestação em julho, agosto, outubro e novembro; 13 adultos, dentre três machos e cinco fêmeas de A. sculptum; e dois machos e três fêmeas de Amblyomma ovale). Cinquenta e nove piolhos [Neotrichodectes (Nasuicolla) pallidus] foram coletados de 25,7% quatis, representando um novo registro da espécie no centro-oeste do Brasil, com a primeira contribuição morfológica dos estágios de ninfa e ovos e caracterização molecular utilizando os genes 18S rRNA e cox1. Dos 97 quatis amostrados, 77% mostraram-se positivos para Hepatozoon procyonis (gene 18S rRNA); 15,1% para Ehrlichia sp. (gene dsb); 3,6% para Anaplasma sp. (gene 16S rRNA); 89,6% para hemoplasmas (gene 16S rRNA) e 3,6% para Neorickettsia sp. Nenhuma amostra de sangue foi positiva para Bartonella spp. em cultura ou na qPCR e piroplasmídeos na nPCR (nested PCR). Ao analisar os esfregaços sanguíneos e capa leucocitária, 33% e 80%, respectivamente, das amostras apresentaram pelo menos uma microfilária de Mansonella sp. (molecularmente caracterizada com base nos genes cox1, myoHC and hsp70). Hepatozoon procyonis foi detectado em alta prevalência em quatis do centro-oeste do Brasil, com parasitemia flutuando entre as recapturas e aparentemente sem influência nos parâmetros hematológicos e clínicos dos quatis parasitados. Análises filogenéticas baseadas no gene 16S rRNA e ITS posicionaram as sequências de Anaplasma sp. detectadas no presente estudo em um grande clado com outras sequências Anaplasma spp. previamente detectadas em carrapatos e animais silvestres e em um clado com ‘Candidatus Anaplasma brasiliensis’, respectivamente. Com base em seis marcadores moleculares distintos, o presente trabalho descreveu um novo agente Anaplasmataceae, nomeado ‘Candidatus Ehrlichia dumleri’. A filogenia baseada nos genes 16S rRNA e 23S rRNA e qPCR baseado no gene 16S rRNA indicaram a presença de dois genótipos de hemoplasmas em quatis. A estimativa da carga bacteriana de hemoplasmas não mostrou associação com indicadores hematológicos de anemia. Embora as amostras positivas do presente estudo tenham apresentado >99% de identidade com Neorickettsia risticii disponível no GenBank, a real identidade da bactéria detectada em quatis deve ser melhor investigada por meio de isolamento e sequenciamento do genoma completo. O presente estudo mostrou uma alta prevalência de Mansonella sp., sugerindo que quatis podem atuar como hospedeiros de uma nova espécie de Mansonella sp. ainda não descrita dentro da família Onchocercidae. Em relação aos carrapatos, 25,4% das amostras de DNA de carrapatos foram positivas para H. procyonis, 10% para ‘Candidatus Mycoplasma haematonasua', 1,6% para Bartonella spp., 2% para piroplasmídeos [sendo duas sequências diferentes, uma com identidade para Babesia sp. previamente detectada em capivaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), e outra com identidade para Babesia sp., detectado em gambás (Didelphis albiventris) e carrapatos associados A. dubitatum] e 0,8% para Rickettsia spp. (do Grupo Febre Maculosa [GFM] e Rickettsia belli). Nenhum piolho mostrou-se positivo para os agentes acima mencionados. Carnívoros são considerados importante fonte de infecções humanas com agentes zoonóticos transmitidos por vetores. A detecção de Rickettsia sp. de SFG destaca a importância de estudos de vigilância em fragmentos florestais urbanos. A detecção de piroplasmas em carrapatos de animais negativos pode indicar a importância de Amblyomma spp. na transmissão transovariana/transestadial de Babesia spp. em animais silvestres.
Coatis (Nasua nasua) are procyonids widely distributed in South America that easily adapt to anthropized environments, living in close contact with domestic animals and humans. The present study aimed to investigate the diversity of ectoparasites and the occurrence of vectorborne agents (Anaplasmataceae, Mycoplasmataceae, Bartonellaceae, Rickettsiaceae Babesiidae/Theileriidae, Hepatozoidae and Onchocercidae) in coatis and/or ectoparasites sampled in two urban areas of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Between 2018 and 2019, 2,242 ticks were collected from 97 coatis captured/recaptured (838 Amblyomma larvae, with higher infestation in January, April and May; 1,241 Amblyomma sculptum nymphs and 150 Amblyomma dubitatum nymphs, with higher infestation in July, August, October and November; 13 adults, among three males and five females of A. sculptum; and two males and three females of Amblyomma ovale). Fifty-nine lice [Neotrichodectes (Nasuicolla) pallidus] were collected from 25.7% coatis, representing a new record of the species in central-western Brazil, with the first morphological contribution to nymph and egg as well as molecular characterization based on the 18S rRNA and cox1 genes. Out of 97 coatis sampled, 77% were positive for Hepatozoon procyonis (18S rRNA gene), 15.1% for Ehrlichia sp. (dsb gene), 3.6% for Anaplasma sp. (16S rRNA gene), 89.6% for hemoplasmas (16S rRNA gene), and 3.6% for Neorickettsia sp. No coati blood sample was positive for Bartonella spp. in culture or qPCR and piroplasmids in nPCR (nested PCR). When analyzing the coati blood smears and buffy coats, 33% and 80%, respectively, samples showed at least one microfilaria of Mansonella sp. (molecularly characterized based on the cox1, myoHC and hsp70 genes). Hepatozoon procyonis circulates with high prevalence in coatis in central-west Brazil, with parasitemia fluctuating between recaptures and apparently without influence on the hematological and clinical parameters of the parasitized coatis. Phylogenetic analyzes based on the 16S rRNA gene and ITS positioned the Anaplasma sp. detected in the present study in a large clade with other Anaplasma spp. previously detected in ticks and wild animals and in a clade with 'Candidatus Anaplasma brasiliensis', respectively. Based on six distinct molecular markers, the present work described a new Anaplasmataceae agent, named 'Candidatus Ehrlichia dumleri'. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes and qPCR based on 16S rRNA gene indicated the presence of two genotypes of hemoplasmas in coatis. Estimation of the bacterial load of hemoplasmas showed no association with hematological indicators of anemia. Although the positive samples in the present study showed >99% identity with Neorickettsia risticii available in GenBank, the real identity of the bacteria detected in coatis should be better investigated through isolation and Whole Genome Sequencing. The present study showed a high prevalence of Mansonella sp., suggesting that coatis may act as reservoirs for a new species of Mansonella sp. yet to be described. Regarding ticks, 25.4% of tick DNA samples were positive for H. procyonis, 10% for 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematonasua', 1.6% for Bartonella spp., 2% for piroplasmids [among two different sequences: one with identity for Babesia sp. previously detected in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), and another one showing for Babesia sp. previously detected in opossums (Didelphis albiventris) and associated A. dubitatum ticks] and 0.8% for Rickettsia spp. (from the Spotted Fever Group [SFG] and Rickettsia bellii). No louse was positive for the above mentioned agents. Carnivores are considered an important source of human infections with vector-borne zoonotic agents. The detection of SFG Rickettsia sp. highlights the importance of surveillance studies in urban forest fragments. The detection of piroplasmids in ticks collected from negative animals may indicate the importance of Amblyomma spp. in transovarian/transstadial transmission of Babesia spp. in wild animals.
Coatis (Nasua nasua) are procyonids widely distributed in South America that easily adapt to anthropized environments, living in close contact with domestic animals and humans. The present study aimed to investigate the diversity of ectoparasites and the occurrence of vectorborne agents (Anaplasmataceae, Mycoplasmataceae, Bartonellaceae, Rickettsiaceae Babesiidae/Theileriidae, Hepatozoidae and Onchocercidae) in coatis and/or ectoparasites sampled in two urban areas of Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Between 2018 and 2019, 2,242 ticks were collected from 97 coatis captured/recaptured (838 Amblyomma larvae, with higher infestation in January, April and May; 1,241 Amblyomma sculptum nymphs and 150 Amblyomma dubitatum nymphs, with higher infestation in July, August, October and November; 13 adults, among three males and five females of A. sculptum; and two males and three females of Amblyomma ovale). Fifty-nine lice [Neotrichodectes (Nasuicolla) pallidus] were collected from 25.7% coatis, representing a new record of the species in central-western Brazil, with the first morphological contribution to nymph and egg as well as molecular characterization based on the 18S rRNA and cox1 genes. Out of 97 coatis sampled, 77% were positive for Hepatozoon procyonis (18S rRNA gene), 15.1% for Ehrlichia sp. (dsb gene), 3.6% for Anaplasma sp. (16S rRNA gene), 89.6% for hemoplasmas (16S rRNA gene), and 3.6% for Neorickettsia sp. No coati blood sample was positive for Bartonella spp. in culture or qPCR and piroplasmids in nPCR (nested PCR). When analyzing the coati blood smears and buffy coats, 33% and 80%, respectively, samples showed at least one microfilaria of Mansonella sp. (molecularly characterized based on the cox1, myoHC and hsp70 genes). Hepatozoon procyonis circulates with high prevalence in coatis in central-west Brazil, with parasitemia fluctuating between recaptures and apparently without influence on the hematological and clinical parameters of the parasitized coatis. Phylogenetic analyzes based on the 16S rRNA gene and ITS positioned the Anaplasma sp. detected in the present study in a large clade with other Anaplasma spp. previously detected in ticks and wild animals and in a clade with 'Candidatus Anaplasma brasiliensis', respectively. Based on six distinct molecular markers, the present work described a new Anaplasmataceae agent, named 'Candidatus Ehrlichia dumleri'. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA genes and qPCR based on 16S rRNA gene indicated the presence of two genotypes of hemoplasmas in coatis. Estimation of the bacterial load of hemoplasmas showed no association with hematological indicators of anemia. Although the positive samples in the present study showed >99% identity with Neorickettsia risticii available in GenBank, the real identity of the bacteria detected in coatis should be better investigated through isolation and Whole Genome Sequencing. The present study showed a high prevalence of Mansonella sp., suggesting that coatis may act as reservoirs for a new species of Mansonella sp. yet to be described. Regarding ticks, 25.4% of tick DNA samples were positive for H. procyonis, 10% for 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematonasua', 1.6% for Bartonella spp., 2% for piroplasmids [among two different sequences: one with identity for Babesia sp. previously detected in capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris), and another one showing for Babesia sp. previously detected in opossums (Didelphis albiventris) and associated A. dubitatum ticks] and 0.8% for Rickettsia spp. (from the Spotted Fever Group [SFG] and Rickettsia bellii). No louse was positive for the above mentioned agents. Carnivores are considered an important source of human infections with vector-borne zoonotic agents. The detection of SFG Rickettsia sp. highlights the importance of surveillance studies in urban forest fragments. The detection of piroplasmids in ticks collected from negative animals may indicate the importance of Amblyomma spp. in transovarian/transstadial transmission of Babesia spp. in wild animals.
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Palavras-chave
Quati, Parasitas, Doenças parasitárias de animais