Propriedades mecânicas, físicas e microbiológicas de materiais para base protética e dentes artificias utilizados na técnica de impressão 3D
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2023-02-14
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A confecção de próteses removíveis atualmente compreende a utilização de novas resinas e tecnologias por meio de impressão 3D, o que representa uma técnica inovadora. A impressão por projeção de luz digital (DLP) é um método de fabricação digital aditiva ágil e com um aumento gradativo de aplicação na odontologia. A investigação das propriedades de diferentes resinas para próteses removíveis digitais/ impressão 3D pelo método DLP é necessária para consolidar sua aplicação clínica, sendo compreendidas suas vantagens e limitações frente aos materiais convencionais. O objetivo dos estudos foi: (I) avaliar propriedades de superfície e adesão/formação de biofilme por Candida albicans em resinas à base de próteses usadas em impressão DLP; (II) avaliar a resistência à abrasão e rugosidade de superfície de resinas impressas em DLP após escovação simulada, representando até cinco anos de uso de próteses. Três resinas de base [NextDent Denture 3D+, Cosmos Denture, Lucitone 550 (controle)] foram avaliadas em ambos estudos (I e II) e duas resinas de dentes [Cosmos TEMP e Duralay 62 (controle)] foram avaliadas apenas no estudo II. No estudo I, os espécimes foram analisados quanto a rugosidade de superfície (Ra), energia livre de superfície (erg cm-2) e ensaios microbiológicos (Contagem de colônias, metabolismo celular e análise por microscopia confocal a laser) de adesão e formação de biofilme por C. albicans. No estudo II, foram avaliadas a perda de massa (g) e rugosidade de superfície (Ra e Rz, em µm) em espécimes submetidos à escovação in vitro por períodos que representam seis meses, 1, 3 e 5 anos. Os dados foram analisados por meio de testes paramétricos e não paramétricos (α=0,05). No estudo I, Lucitone 550 apresentou maior rugosidade de superfície que NextDent Denture 3D+, mas ambos foram semelhantes ao Cosmos Denture. Lucitone 550 apresentou menor energia livre de superfície que Cosmos Denture e NextDent Denture 3D+. As resinas Cosmos Denture e NextDent Denture 3D+ apresentaram maior colonização e metabolismo celular por C. albicans do que Lucitone 550 nos períodos de 90 min e 48 horas. No estudo II, todas resinas impressas 3D apresentaram menor perda de peso do que as resinas dos grupos controle, independentemente do período, embora todas as resinas tenham perdido peso ao longo do tempo. Ra para Cosmos Denture e NextDent Denture 3D+ aumentou significativamente apenas após 3 anos de escovação, enquanto Cosmos TEMP aumentou apenas após 5 anos. Rz permaneceu semelhante a Cosmos Denture e Cosmos TEMP mesmo após 5 anos de escovação, mas aumentou para NextDent Denture 3D+ após 3 anos. Lucitone 550 apresentou maiores Ra e Rz para todos os períodos em relação à NextDent Denture 3D+ e Cosmos Denture. Para Duralay 62 e Cosmos TEMP, Ra e Rz mostraram diferença somente após 3 anos de escovação. Pode-se concluir que as resinas de base de próteses impressas em 3D são mais propensas à colonização por C. albicans, e que sua energia livre de superfície está diretamente associada a essa colonização. Além disso, bases de próteses impressas em DLP e resinas de dentes artificiais apresentam maior resistência à abrasão à escovação do que os materiais convencionais.
The manufacture of removable dentures currently comprises the use of new resins and technologies through 3D printing, which represents an innovative technique. Digital Light Projection (DLP) printing is agile additive digital fabrication method with a gradual increase application in dentistry. The investigation of the properties of different resins for 3D printing removable dentures by the DLP method is necessary to consolidate their clinical application, understanding their advantages and limitations in relation to conventional materials. The objectives of the studies carried out were: (I) to evaluate the surface properties and adhesion/biofilm formation by Candida albicans on denture-base resins used in DLP printing; (II) to evaluate the abrasion resistance and surface roughness of resins printed on DLP after simulated brushing, representing up to five years of denture use. Three base resins [NextDent Denture 3D+, Cosmos Denture, Lucitone 550 (control)] were evaluated in both studies (I and II) and two dental resins [Cosmos TEMP and Duralay 62 (control)] were evaluated in study II only. In study I, specimens were analyzed for surface roughness (Ra), surface free energy (erg cm-2) and microbiological assays (Colony count, cellular metabolism and confocal laser microscopy analysis) of adhesion and biofilm formation by C. albicans. In study II, weight loss (g) and surface roughness (Ra and Rz, in µm) were evaluated in specimens submitted to in vitro brushing for periods of six months, 1, 3 and 5 years. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests (α=0.05). In study I, Lucitone 550 showed higher surface roughness than NextDent Denture 3D+, but both were similar to Cosmos Denture. Lucitone 550 had lower surface free energy than Cosmos Denture and NextDent Denture 3D+. The resins Cosmos Denture and NextDent Denture 3D+ showed greater colonization and cellular metabolism by C. albicans than Lucitone 550 in the periods of 90 min and 48 hours. In Study II, all 3D-printed resins showed less weight loss than resins in the control groups, regardless of time period, although all resins lost weight over time. Ra for Cosmos Denture and NextDent Denture 3D+ increased significantly only after 3 years of brushing, while Cosmos TEMP only increased after 5 years. Rz remained similar to Cosmos Denture and Cosmos TEMP even after 5 years of brushing, but increased to NextDent Denture 3D+ after 3 years. Lucitone 550 showed higher Ra and Rz for all periods compared to NextDent Denture 3D+ and Cosmos Denture. For Duralay 62 and Cosmos TEMP, Ra and Rz showed a difference only after 3 years of brushing. It can be concluded that 3D-printed denture base resins are more prone to colonization by C. albicans, and that their surface free energy is directly associated with this colonization. In addition, denture bases printed on DLP and artificial tooth resins have greater resistance to brushing abrasion than conventional materials.
The manufacture of removable dentures currently comprises the use of new resins and technologies through 3D printing, which represents an innovative technique. Digital Light Projection (DLP) printing is agile additive digital fabrication method with a gradual increase application in dentistry. The investigation of the properties of different resins for 3D printing removable dentures by the DLP method is necessary to consolidate their clinical application, understanding their advantages and limitations in relation to conventional materials. The objectives of the studies carried out were: (I) to evaluate the surface properties and adhesion/biofilm formation by Candida albicans on denture-base resins used in DLP printing; (II) to evaluate the abrasion resistance and surface roughness of resins printed on DLP after simulated brushing, representing up to five years of denture use. Three base resins [NextDent Denture 3D+, Cosmos Denture, Lucitone 550 (control)] were evaluated in both studies (I and II) and two dental resins [Cosmos TEMP and Duralay 62 (control)] were evaluated in study II only. In study I, specimens were analyzed for surface roughness (Ra), surface free energy (erg cm-2) and microbiological assays (Colony count, cellular metabolism and confocal laser microscopy analysis) of adhesion and biofilm formation by C. albicans. In study II, weight loss (g) and surface roughness (Ra and Rz, in µm) were evaluated in specimens submitted to in vitro brushing for periods of six months, 1, 3 and 5 years. Data were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests (α=0.05). In study I, Lucitone 550 showed higher surface roughness than NextDent Denture 3D+, but both were similar to Cosmos Denture. Lucitone 550 had lower surface free energy than Cosmos Denture and NextDent Denture 3D+. The resins Cosmos Denture and NextDent Denture 3D+ showed greater colonization and cellular metabolism by C. albicans than Lucitone 550 in the periods of 90 min and 48 hours. In Study II, all 3D-printed resins showed less weight loss than resins in the control groups, regardless of time period, although all resins lost weight over time. Ra for Cosmos Denture and NextDent Denture 3D+ increased significantly only after 3 years of brushing, while Cosmos TEMP only increased after 5 years. Rz remained similar to Cosmos Denture and Cosmos TEMP even after 5 years of brushing, but increased to NextDent Denture 3D+ after 3 years. Lucitone 550 showed higher Ra and Rz for all periods compared to NextDent Denture 3D+ and Cosmos Denture. For Duralay 62 and Cosmos TEMP, Ra and Rz showed a difference only after 3 years of brushing. It can be concluded that 3D-printed denture base resins are more prone to colonization by C. albicans, and that their surface free energy is directly associated with this colonization. In addition, denture bases printed on DLP and artificial tooth resins have greater resistance to brushing abrasion than conventional materials.
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Impressão tridimensional, Bases de dentadura, Dente artificial, Placa dentária, Escovação dentária, Printing, three-dimensional, Denture bases, Tooth, artificial, Dental plaque, Toothbrushing.