Avaliação do desempenho mastigatório, autopercepção de saúde bucal, qualidade de vida e estado nutricional de pacientes idosos submetidos a diferentes tratamentos reabilitadores: um estudo observacional
Carregando...
Data
2023-04-25
Autores
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Neste estudo transversal, avaliou-se as variáveis: desempenho mastigatório (DM), qualidade de vida (QV) relacionada a saúde bucal, autopercepção de saúde bucal, perfil socioeconômico (PS) e o estado nutricional (EN) de idosos desdentados totais que foram submetidos a diferentes reabilitações bucais. A amostra (N=40), foi dividida em grupos de acordo com o tratamento reabilitador (n=20): (G1) próteses totais bimaxilares convencionais e (G2) prótese total fixa implantossuportada mandibular e prótese total maxilar. A avaliação do desempenho mastigatório (DM) foi feita utilizando amêndoas como alimento teste, pelo método das peneiras, nos ciclos mastigatórios estabelecidos (10, 20 e 40 ciclos). Foram aplicados quatro questionários: Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index – GOHAI, Oral Health Impact Profile Edent – OHIP- Edent, Critério de classificação econômica brasileira – ABEP e Avaliação Nutricional dos idosos- MNA, para avaliar a autopercepção de saúde bucal, QV, PS e EN dos idosos, respectivamente. Após a avaliação dos pressupostos estatísticos, foi aplicado o teste de Mann-Whitney para comparar os grupos quanto ao DM, QV, PS e EN. O teste de correlação de Spearman foi realizado para verificar correlação entre o DM e a QV, autopercepção de saúde bucal e o EN dos participantes. Para ambos os testes, um nível de significância de 5% foi considerado. Os participantes do G2 apresentaram melhor DM do que os participantes do G1 (p<0,05) em todos os ciclos mastigatórios. De acordo com os resultados do OHIP-EDENT, os participantes do grupo G2 também apresentaram melhor QV do que os participantes do G1 (p<0,05). De acordo com o GOHAI, a autopercepção de saúde bucal dos participantes não diferiu entre os grupos (p<0,05). Encontrou-se uma correlação negativa moderada entre desempenho mastigatório e QV para 40 ciclos mastigatórios para ambos os grupos (r2=-0,513; p=0,001), contudo não foi encontrada uma correlação entre DM e EN (p>0,05), assim como DM e autopercepção de saúde bucal (p>0,05). Com relação ao EN, os participantes de G2 apresentaram melhor estado nutricional, do que os participantes de G1. Os indivíduos reabilitados com próteses totais fixas implantossuportadas mandibulares (G2) apresentaram uma renda familiar mensal média maior e comportamento superior no DM, QV, além de menor risco de desnutrição quando comparados com os usuários de próteses totais bimaxilares convencionais. A reabilitação com próteses totais fixas implantossuportadas mandibulares foi capaz de favorecer a função mastigatória do indivíduo desdentado total quando comparado ao tratamento com próteses totais convencionais.
In this cross-sectional study, the following variables were evaluated: masticatory performance (MP), quality of life (QoL) related to oral health, self-perception of oral health, socioeconomic profile (SP), and nutritional status (NS) of totally edentulous elderly who were submitted to different oral rehabilitations. The sample (N=40) was divided into groups according to the rehabilitation treatment (n=20): (G1) conventional bimaxillary complete dentures and (G2) fixed mandibular implant-supported complete dentures and complete maxillary dentures. The masticatory performance (DM) was evaluated using almonds as test food, by the sieve method, in the established masticatory cycles (10, 20, and 40 cycles). Four questionnaires were applied: Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index – GOHAI, Oral Health Impact Profile Edent – OHIP- Edent, Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria – ABEP and Nutritional Assessment of the Elderly – MNA, to assess self-perception of oral health, QoL, PS, and EN of older people, respectively. After evaluating the statistical assumptions, the Mann- Whitney test was applied to compare the MP, QoL, SP and NE groups. Spearman's correlation test was performed to verify the correlation between the participants' MP and QoL, self-perception of oral health, and NE. For both tests, a significance level of 5% was considered. G2 participants had better DM than G1 participants (p<0.05) in all chewing cycles. According to the results of the OHIP-EDENT, the participants in the G2 group also had better QoL than the participants in the G1 group (p<0.05). According to the GOHAI, the participants' self-perception of oral health did not differ between groups (p<0.05). A moderate negative correlation was found between masticatory performance and QoL for 40 masticatory cycles for both groups (r2=-0.513; p=0.001); however, no correlation was found between MP and NE (p>0.05), as well such as MP and self-perception of oral health (p>0.05). About NE, participants in G2 had a better nutritional status than those in G1. Individuals rehabilitated with mandibular implant- supported complete dentures (G2) had a higher average monthly family income and superior behavior in MP, and QoL, in addition to a lower risk of malnutrition when compared to users of conventional bimaxillary complete dentures. Rehabilitation with mandibular implant-supported fixed complete dentures favored the masticatory function of the completely edentulous individual compared to treatment with conventional complete dentures.
In this cross-sectional study, the following variables were evaluated: masticatory performance (MP), quality of life (QoL) related to oral health, self-perception of oral health, socioeconomic profile (SP), and nutritional status (NS) of totally edentulous elderly who were submitted to different oral rehabilitations. The sample (N=40) was divided into groups according to the rehabilitation treatment (n=20): (G1) conventional bimaxillary complete dentures and (G2) fixed mandibular implant-supported complete dentures and complete maxillary dentures. The masticatory performance (DM) was evaluated using almonds as test food, by the sieve method, in the established masticatory cycles (10, 20, and 40 cycles). Four questionnaires were applied: Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index – GOHAI, Oral Health Impact Profile Edent – OHIP- Edent, Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria – ABEP and Nutritional Assessment of the Elderly – MNA, to assess self-perception of oral health, QoL, PS, and EN of older people, respectively. After evaluating the statistical assumptions, the Mann- Whitney test was applied to compare the MP, QoL, SP and NE groups. Spearman's correlation test was performed to verify the correlation between the participants' MP and QoL, self-perception of oral health, and NE. For both tests, a significance level of 5% was considered. G2 participants had better DM than G1 participants (p<0.05) in all chewing cycles. According to the results of the OHIP-EDENT, the participants in the G2 group also had better QoL than the participants in the G1 group (p<0.05). According to the GOHAI, the participants' self-perception of oral health did not differ between groups (p<0.05). A moderate negative correlation was found between masticatory performance and QoL for 40 masticatory cycles for both groups (r2=-0.513; p=0.001); however, no correlation was found between MP and NE (p>0.05), as well such as MP and self-perception of oral health (p>0.05). About NE, participants in G2 had a better nutritional status than those in G1. Individuals rehabilitated with mandibular implant- supported complete dentures (G2) had a higher average monthly family income and superior behavior in MP, and QoL, in addition to a lower risk of malnutrition when compared to users of conventional bimaxillary complete dentures. Rehabilitation with mandibular implant-supported fixed complete dentures favored the masticatory function of the completely edentulous individual compared to treatment with conventional complete dentures.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Qualidade de vida, Mastigação, Estado nutricional, Arcada edêntula, Quality of life, Mastication, Nutritional status, Jaw, edentulous.