Sonoelastografia, uma ferramenta útil no diagnóstico de lesões mamárias decorrentes da mastite subclínica e clínica em vacas?
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Data
2023-02-01
Autores
De Bonis, Talissa Camargo Mantovani
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A técnica de sonoelastografia tem sido amplamente utilizada e explorada na avaliação de lesões mamárias em mulheres, porém estudos pertinentes à glândula mamária de bovinos ainda não foram realizados. Pelo presente estudo pretendeu-se avaliar a utilização deste método na avaliação da saúde da glândula mamária e diagnóstico da mastite em vacas Holandesas e mestiças Girolando em lactação; além disso, o método foi comparado com os resultados de outras metodologias já descritas e utilizadas na produção leiteira para o diagnóstico da doença afim de encontrar correlações entre eles. Foi realizada a triagem de 26 vacas em lactação, para diagnóstico de mastite por meio do teste da caneca de fundo preto, contagem de células somáticas (CCS) e Califórnia Mastitis Test (CMT), afim de diagnosticar quadros clínicos e subclínicos de mastite, além de selecionar quartos mamários saudáveis. Os animais positivos para o teste da caneca de fundo preto, CMT e elevação na CCS foram considerados positivos para mastite clínica. Animais positivos no CMT e com elevação da CCS foram considerados quadros subclínicos. Casos com positividade associada a histórico da enfermidade nas lactações anteriores, caracterizou se cronicidade da lesão. Além disso, foram coletadas amostras para avaliação microbiológica de todos os quartos mamários (positivos e negativos) para mastite. Após caracterização da enfermidade, os animais foram submetidos à sonoelastografia por compressão nos quartos saudáveis e afetados obtendo análises ortogonais avaliadas de acordo com escore de porcentagem de dureza do tecido. A interrelação entre as variáveis resultantes da avaliação da secreção láctea utilizando os testes caneca de fundo preto, CMT, CCS, avaliação clínica da glândula mamária, avalição ultrassonográfica modo B e avaliação sonoelastográfica foi averiguada por meio da análise multivariada de componentes principais. A sonoelastografia por compressão fornece informações valiosas a respeito da elasticidade dos tecidos. No presente estudo, a técnica não apresentou correlação entre os grupos avaliados permitindo, a partir da metodologia utilizada, novas oportunidades para prosseguir com os estudos visto que é uma abordagem ultrassonográfica recente que permite larga exploração em virtude da literatura ainda restrita.
The sonoelastography technique has been widely used and explored in the evaluation of breast lesions in women, but studies related to the bovine mammary gland have not yet been carried out. The present study aimed to evaluate the use of this method in assessing the health of the mammary gland and diagnosing mastitis in lactating Holstein and Girolando crossbred cows; in addition, the method was compared with the results of other methodologies already described and used in dairy production for the diagnosis of the disease in order to find correlations between them. Twenty-six lactating cows were screened for the diagnosis of mastitis using the black bottom mug test, somatic cell count (SCC) and California Mastitis Test (CMT) in order to diagnose clinical and subclinical conditions of mastitis, in addition to select healthy mammary quarters. Animals positive for the black bottom mug test, CMT and elevation in SCC were considered positive for clinical mastitis. Animals positive for CMT and with elevated SCC were considered subclinical. Cases with positivity associated with a history of the disease in previous lactations were characterized as chronicity of the lesion. In addition, samples for microbiological evaluation were collected from all breast quarters (positive and negative) for mastitis. After characterization of the disease, the animals were submitted to compression sonoelastography in the healthy and affected quarters, obtaining orthogonal analyzes evaluated according to the tissue hardness percentage score. The interrelation between the variables resulting from the evaluation of milk secretion using the black bottom mug test, CMT, SCC, clinical evaluation of the mammary gland, B-mode ultrasonographic evaluation and sonoelastographic evaluation was verified through the analysis principal component multivariate. Compression sonoelastography provides valuable information about tissue elasticity. In the present study, the technique did not present a correlation between the evaluated groups, allowing, based on the methodology used, new opportunities to continue with the studies, since it is a recent ultrasound approach that allows wide exploration due to the limited literature.
The sonoelastography technique has been widely used and explored in the evaluation of breast lesions in women, but studies related to the bovine mammary gland have not yet been carried out. The present study aimed to evaluate the use of this method in assessing the health of the mammary gland and diagnosing mastitis in lactating Holstein and Girolando crossbred cows; in addition, the method was compared with the results of other methodologies already described and used in dairy production for the diagnosis of the disease in order to find correlations between them. Twenty-six lactating cows were screened for the diagnosis of mastitis using the black bottom mug test, somatic cell count (SCC) and California Mastitis Test (CMT) in order to diagnose clinical and subclinical conditions of mastitis, in addition to select healthy mammary quarters. Animals positive for the black bottom mug test, CMT and elevation in SCC were considered positive for clinical mastitis. Animals positive for CMT and with elevated SCC were considered subclinical. Cases with positivity associated with a history of the disease in previous lactations were characterized as chronicity of the lesion. In addition, samples for microbiological evaluation were collected from all breast quarters (positive and negative) for mastitis. After characterization of the disease, the animals were submitted to compression sonoelastography in the healthy and affected quarters, obtaining orthogonal analyzes evaluated according to the tissue hardness percentage score. The interrelation between the variables resulting from the evaluation of milk secretion using the black bottom mug test, CMT, SCC, clinical evaluation of the mammary gland, B-mode ultrasonographic evaluation and sonoelastographic evaluation was verified through the analysis principal component multivariate. Compression sonoelastography provides valuable information about tissue elasticity. In the present study, the technique did not present a correlation between the evaluated groups, allowing, based on the methodology used, new opportunities to continue with the studies, since it is a recent ultrasound approach that allows wide exploration due to the limited literature.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Medicina veterinária, Bovinos de leite, Mastite, Ultrassonografia