Compostos estruturais bacterianos extraídos de Xanthomonas spp. como indutores de resistência à mancha bacteriana e ao oídio do tomateiro
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2022-12-20
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Dentre os elicitores envolvidos na ativação de respostas de defesa em plantas, estão alguns constituintes estruturais de bactérias fitopatogênicas, tais como: lipopolissacarídeos (LPS) e flagelina oriundas de bactérias do gênero Xanthomonas que desencadea respostas de defesa nas plantas. Nesse estudo, foram realizadas análises de diferentes concentrações de extratos brutos de LPS e flagelos espécies não compatíveis de Xanthomonas, para verificar capacidade de reduzir a severidade da mancha bacteriana e oídio do tomateiro. Além disso, foram realizados estudos de atividades de enzimas e genes relacionados a defesa vegetal, teste com produtividade e diferentes modos de aplicação. Os testes para ajuste de concentração seguiram: DIC com 1 indutor LPS ou flagelos x 4 concentrações x 10 repetições. As concentrações: 10,6, 5,3, 2,65, 1,3 µg/ml e 16,7, 8,35, 4,17 e 2,08 µg/ml (LPS e Flagelos, respectivamente). As avaliações foram realizadas estimando-se a severidade da doença aos 7, 9, 12, 14 e 21 dias após a inoculação do patógeno. Os testes de produtividade e modo de aplicação seguiram em DIC: inoculado com X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans e não inoculados com X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans x três modos de aplicação. Foram selecionadas 3 réplicas dos melhores tratamentos dos ensaios anteriores paraa análise da expressão gênica em qPCR em tempo real com genes PAL e PPO (LPS) e PAL, PPO e POX (Flagelina). Na análise de flagelos foram avaliados também atividades enzimáticas relacionadas aos genes estudados para expressão. Nesses estudos, conclui-se que o LPS tem efeito positivo na concentração de 7,3 µg/ml, associando a eficiência na redução da severidade da mancha bacteriana, e os flagelos com a menor intensidade da doença estimada para uma concentração de 8,9 µg/mL. Ambos os elicitores desencadearam aumento da atividade de genes, e a flagelina é capaz de induzir enzimas de respostas de defesa. Os métodos PCV e o método via solo foram os métodos mais eficientes para LPS, e para flagelos o método via solo pode ser recomendado. Esses métodos conseguiram aliar menor severidade da doença e bons parâmetros de produtividade.
The elicitors involved in the activation of defense responses in plants, some constituents are symbols of phytopathogenic bacteria, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Flagellin from bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas that trigger defense responses in plants. In this study, an analysis of concentrations of LPS and crude flagella extracted from non-compatible species of Xanthomonas was carried out, verifying their ability to reduce the severity of bacterial spot and powdery mildew in tomato, studies of enzyme activities and genes related to plant defense, productivity test and modes of application. Tests for concentration adjustment followed in DIC with 1 LPS inducer or flagella x 4 concentrations x 10 repetitions. The collected concentrations were 10.6, 5.3, 2.65, 1.3 µg/ml and 16.7, 8.35, 4.17, and 2.08 µg/ml (LPS and Flagella, respectively). Estimates were performed by estimating disease severity at 7, 9, 12, 14, and 21 days after pathogen inoculation. The testicles of productivity and mode of application followed in DIC: inoculated with X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans and not inoculated with X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans x three application modes. Powdery mildew analyzes followed after the appearance of a generalized epidemic in the trial. Three replicates of the best treatments from previous trials were selected for analysis of gene expression in real time qPCR with PAL and PPO (LPS) and PAL, PPO, and POX (Flagellin) genes. In the analysis of flagella, enzymatic activities related to the genes studied for expression were also evaluated. In these studies, it is concluded that LPS has a positive effect at a concentration of 7.3 µg/ml, associating efficiency in reducing the severity of bacterial spot without deleterious effects to plants, and flagella with the lowest disease intensity designed for a concentration of 8.9 µg/ml. The elicitors reduced the severity of tomato bacterial spot and help to contain the tomato powdery mildew epidemic. Both elicitors increased gene activity, and flagelin are capable of inducing defense response enzymes. The PCV methods and the soil method were the most efficient, as they were able to align less disease severity and good productivity parameters, providing a better indication to the producer in terms of agronomic management.
The elicitors involved in the activation of defense responses in plants, some constituents are symbols of phytopathogenic bacteria, such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and Flagellin from bacteria of the genus Xanthomonas that trigger defense responses in plants. In this study, an analysis of concentrations of LPS and crude flagella extracted from non-compatible species of Xanthomonas was carried out, verifying their ability to reduce the severity of bacterial spot and powdery mildew in tomato, studies of enzyme activities and genes related to plant defense, productivity test and modes of application. Tests for concentration adjustment followed in DIC with 1 LPS inducer or flagella x 4 concentrations x 10 repetitions. The collected concentrations were 10.6, 5.3, 2.65, 1.3 µg/ml and 16.7, 8.35, 4.17, and 2.08 µg/ml (LPS and Flagella, respectively). Estimates were performed by estimating disease severity at 7, 9, 12, 14, and 21 days after pathogen inoculation. The testicles of productivity and mode of application followed in DIC: inoculated with X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans and not inoculated with X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans x three application modes. Powdery mildew analyzes followed after the appearance of a generalized epidemic in the trial. Three replicates of the best treatments from previous trials were selected for analysis of gene expression in real time qPCR with PAL and PPO (LPS) and PAL, PPO, and POX (Flagellin) genes. In the analysis of flagella, enzymatic activities related to the genes studied for expression were also evaluated. In these studies, it is concluded that LPS has a positive effect at a concentration of 7.3 µg/ml, associating efficiency in reducing the severity of bacterial spot without deleterious effects to plants, and flagella with the lowest disease intensity designed for a concentration of 8.9 µg/ml. The elicitors reduced the severity of tomato bacterial spot and help to contain the tomato powdery mildew epidemic. Both elicitors increased gene activity, and flagelin are capable of inducing defense response enzymes. The PCV methods and the soil method were the most efficient, as they were able to align less disease severity and good productivity parameters, providing a better indication to the producer in terms of agronomic management.
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Controle Biológico, Fitopatologia, Bacteriologia, Componentes biologicamente ativos, Expressão gênica, Flagelin, Induce resistance, Pamps, Alternative control, Natural compounds