Desempenho agronômico de berinjela em função da associação de regimes hídricos e cobertura plástica de solo
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Data
2023-07-11
Autores
Oliveira, Wanessa Samara do Nascimento
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
No Brasil, a berinjela tem importância socioeconômica e alimentar. O conteúdo inadequado de umidade no solo afeta negativamente a qualidade e a quantidade de frutos produzidos. Desse modo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o desempenho agronômico de berinjelas cultivadas em ambiente protegido em função de regimes hídricos e cores de coberturas plásticas de solo. O experimento foi instalado em estufa agrícola, com delineamento em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x4, sendo considerado como primeiro fator: três regimes hídricos (RH100%, RH75% e RH50%) da capacidade de água no vaso (CV); e como segundo fator: coberturas plásticas de solo (mulching preto/preto, branco/preto, amarelo/marrom) e solo sem cobertura. Foram avaliadas características biométricas de planta e fruto: produção total, fluorescência do fotossistema II (FV/FM), clorofila total, teor relativo de água na folha, extravasamento de eletrólitos, suculência foliar e potencial hídrico. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e teste de Tukey à 5% de probabilidade. O RH100% proporcionou maior diâmetro de caule quando associado a cobertura plástica, com média de 20,08 mm, na cobertura amarela/marrom. A altura média máxima da planta foi de 111,75 cm, na cobertura branca/preta. A massa fresca e seca da parte aérea apresentaram maiores médias de 615,58 g e 276,78 g respectivamente no RH100% com o uso da cobertura plástica amarela/marrom. A reposição de 100%, apresentou acréscimo na variável comprimento médio de fruto com uso da cobertura amarela/marrom e branca/preta com médias de 16,60 e 18,60 cm, superando os demais regimes, representando um acréscimo de 36,11%; 22,50% e 13,95% em relação aos tratamentos que receberam reposições hídricas de 50, 75 e 100%, sem cobertura de solo. Houve maior concentração de pigmentos fotossintéticos nas folhas de plantas de berinjela no RH100% nas colorações amarela/marrom e branca/preta, com valor superior em 40,84 % em comparação com as plantas submetidas ao regime hídrico de 75%, e em 79,61% se comparado as plantas submetidas ao regime deficitário de 50%. O uso do RH 100% resultou em maior produtividade, com médias de 35,89 t de frutos ha-1 e 34,05 t de frutos ha-1, nas coberturas branca/preta e amarela/marrom. Portanto, o uso da cobertura plástica de solo amarelo/marrom e branca/preta combinado com a reposição hídrica de 100%, proporcionou efeitos significativos nas variáveis estudadas para a cultura da berinjela.
In Brazil, eggplant has socioeconomic and food importance. Inadequate soil moisture content negatively affects the quality and quantity of fruit produced. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of eggplants grown in a protected environment as a function of water regimes and colors of plastic soil coverings. The experiment was installed in an agricultural greenhouse, with a randomized block design in a 3x4 factorial scheme, considering as the first factor: three water regimes (RH100%, RH75% and RH50%) of the water capacity in the vessel (CV); and as a second factor: plastic soil coverings (black/black, white/black, yellow/brown mulching) and bare soil. Biometric characteristics of plant and fruit were evaluated: total yield, photosystem II fluorescence (FV/FM), total chlorophyll, relative water content in the leaf, electrolyte leakage, leaf succulence and water potential. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability. RH100% provided greater stem diameter when associated with plastic cover, with an average of 20.08 mm, in the yellow/brown cover. The maximum average height of the plant was 111.75 cm, in the white/black cover. The fresh and dry mass of shoots showed higher averages of 615.58 g and 276.78 g respectively in RH100% with the use of yellow/brown plastic cover. The 100% replacement showed an increase in the average fruit length variable with the use of yellow/brown and white/black coverage with means of 16.60 and 18.60 cm, surpassing the other regimes, representing an increase of 36.11% ; 22.50% and 13.95% in relation to the treatments that received water replacements of 50, 75 and 100%, without soil cover. There was a higher concentration of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of eggplant plants at RH100% in the yellow/brown and white/black colors, with a higher value of 40.84% compared to the plants subjected to the water regime of 75%, and in 79, 61% compared to plants subjected to the deficit regime of 50%. The use of RH 100% resulted in higher yield, with averages of 35.89 t of fruits ha-1 and 34.05 t of fruits ha-1, in white/black and yellow/brown coverage. Therefore, the use of yellow/brown and white/black plastic soil cover combined with 100% water replacement provided significant effects on the variables studied for the eggplant crop.
In Brazil, eggplant has socioeconomic and food importance. Inadequate soil moisture content negatively affects the quality and quantity of fruit produced. Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the agronomic performance of eggplants grown in a protected environment as a function of water regimes and colors of plastic soil coverings. The experiment was installed in an agricultural greenhouse, with a randomized block design in a 3x4 factorial scheme, considering as the first factor: three water regimes (RH100%, RH75% and RH50%) of the water capacity in the vessel (CV); and as a second factor: plastic soil coverings (black/black, white/black, yellow/brown mulching) and bare soil. Biometric characteristics of plant and fruit were evaluated: total yield, photosystem II fluorescence (FV/FM), total chlorophyll, relative water content in the leaf, electrolyte leakage, leaf succulence and water potential. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey's test at 5% probability. RH100% provided greater stem diameter when associated with plastic cover, with an average of 20.08 mm, in the yellow/brown cover. The maximum average height of the plant was 111.75 cm, in the white/black cover. The fresh and dry mass of shoots showed higher averages of 615.58 g and 276.78 g respectively in RH100% with the use of yellow/brown plastic cover. The 100% replacement showed an increase in the average fruit length variable with the use of yellow/brown and white/black coverage with means of 16.60 and 18.60 cm, surpassing the other regimes, representing an increase of 36.11% ; 22.50% and 13.95% in relation to the treatments that received water replacements of 50, 75 and 100%, without soil cover. There was a higher concentration of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves of eggplant plants at RH100% in the yellow/brown and white/black colors, with a higher value of 40.84% compared to the plants subjected to the water regime of 75%, and in 79, 61% compared to plants subjected to the deficit regime of 50%. The use of RH 100% resulted in higher yield, with averages of 35.89 t of fruits ha-1 and 34.05 t of fruits ha-1, in white/black and yellow/brown coverage. Therefore, the use of yellow/brown and white/black plastic soil cover combined with 100% water replacement provided significant effects on the variables studied for the eggplant crop.
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Palavras-chave
Solanum melongena L, Lâminas de irrigação, Mulching, Estufa agrícola, Análise de variancia