Potencial de ácaros predadores no controle biológico do nematoide de cisto da soja Heterodera glycines
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Data
2021-08-23
Autores
Rossini, Larissa Alves de Castro Jocarelli
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cultura da soja tem inúmeros problemas fitossanitários que limitam sua produtividade, dentre eles os causados por fitonematoides causam perdas significativas. O nematoide de cisto da soja é um fitonematoide que se multiplica principalmente na cultura da soja. De difícil controle por formar em uma das suas fases de ciclo biológico, o cisto, estrutura enrijecida que contém centenas de ovos e que pode permanecer viável no solo por longos anos. Para redução de danos na cultura tem-se diferentes estratégias de controle, sendo o controle biológico atrativo e efetivo. Desse modo, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar ácaros edáficos predadores para o controle de nematoide de cisto da soja (NCS) avaliando a predação e desenvolvimento biológico do ácaro Protogamasellopsis zaheri em condições laboratoriais e em condições de casa de vegetação avaliação de eficiência de controle de P. zaheri e Stratiolaelaps scimitus. Foi realizado teste de predação com diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento do NCS isolados, todos os estádios de desenvolvimento do NCS, todos os estádios e adição de nematoide de vida livre e os controles positivos Tyrophagus putrescentiae e nematoide de vida livre. Após a avaliação do teste de predação, avaliou-se o desenvolvimento biológico do ácaro P. zaheri em ovos e juvenis de segundo estádio de desenvolvimento NCS. Subsequente, experimento em condições de casa de vegetação foi realizado afim de avaliar a efetividade de controle de P.zaheri, S. scimitus, P. zaheri + nematoide de vida livre e fluopiram. No teste de predação observou-se que P. zaheri se alimenta de todas as fases de desenvolvimento de NCS, porém com maior alimentação e oviposição para ovos e juvenis de segundo estádio de desenvolvimento. Quando avaliado o ciclo biológico os parâmetros biológicos observam não houve diferença estatística em parâmetros biológicos para os dois tipos de alimentos, ainda com curva de sobrevivência semelhante de ovos e juvenis (J2) até 30 dias. Em eficiência a nível de casa de vegetação, observou que o P. zaheri + nematoide de vida livre teve maior eficiência de controle de NCS, principalmente quando analisamos o número de cisto no solo em diferentes momentos de coletas e produtividade, em comparação a testemunha. Desse modo, o predador P. zaheri apresenta grande potencial para ser empregado no manejo de NCS embora ainda necessite de mais pesquisas.
The soybean crop has numerous phytosanitary problems that limit its productivity, among them those caused by nematodes cause significant losses. The soybean cyst nematode is a nematode that mainly multiplies in the soybean crop. It is difficult to control as it forms, in one of its biological cycle phases, the cyst, a rigid structure that contains hundreds of eggs and that can remain viable in the soil for many years. To reduce crop damage, different control strategies are used, with biological control being attractive and effective. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate predatory soil mites for the control of soybean cyst nematode (NCS) evaluating the predation and biological development of the mite Protogamasellopsis zaheri under laboratory conditions and in green-house conditions evaluation of control efficiency P. zaheri and Stratiolaelaps scimitus. Predation testing was performed with different stages of isolated NCS development, all stages of NCS development, all stages and addition of free-living nematode and positive controls Tyrophagus putrescentiae and free-living nematode. After evaluating the predation test, the biological development of the P. zaheri mite in eggs and juveniles of second stage of NCS development was evaluated. Subsequently, an experiment in semi-field conditions was carried out in order to evaluate the control efficiency of P.zaheri, S. scimitus, P. zaheri + free-living nematode and fluopiram. In the predation test it was observed that P. zaheri feeds on all stages of NCS development, but with greater feeding and oviposition for eggs and juveniles of the second stage of development. When the biological cycle was evaluated, the biological parameters observed no statistical difference in biological parameters for the two types of food, even with a similar survival curve for eggs and juveniles (J2) up to 30 days. In field level efficiency, it was observed that P. zaheri + free-living nematode had greater NCS control efficiency, especially when we analyzed the number of cysts in the soil at different times of collection and productivity, compared to the control. Thus, the predator P. zaheri has great potential to be used in the management of NCS, although it still needs more research.
The soybean crop has numerous phytosanitary problems that limit its productivity, among them those caused by nematodes cause significant losses. The soybean cyst nematode is a nematode that mainly multiplies in the soybean crop. It is difficult to control as it forms, in one of its biological cycle phases, the cyst, a rigid structure that contains hundreds of eggs and that can remain viable in the soil for many years. To reduce crop damage, different control strategies are used, with biological control being attractive and effective. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate predatory soil mites for the control of soybean cyst nematode (NCS) evaluating the predation and biological development of the mite Protogamasellopsis zaheri under laboratory conditions and in green-house conditions evaluation of control efficiency P. zaheri and Stratiolaelaps scimitus. Predation testing was performed with different stages of isolated NCS development, all stages of NCS development, all stages and addition of free-living nematode and positive controls Tyrophagus putrescentiae and free-living nematode. After evaluating the predation test, the biological development of the P. zaheri mite in eggs and juveniles of second stage of NCS development was evaluated. Subsequently, an experiment in semi-field conditions was carried out in order to evaluate the control efficiency of P.zaheri, S. scimitus, P. zaheri + free-living nematode and fluopiram. In the predation test it was observed that P. zaheri feeds on all stages of NCS development, but with greater feeding and oviposition for eggs and juveniles of the second stage of development. When the biological cycle was evaluated, the biological parameters observed no statistical difference in biological parameters for the two types of food, even with a similar survival curve for eggs and juveniles (J2) up to 30 days. In field level efficiency, it was observed that P. zaheri + free-living nematode had greater NCS control efficiency, especially when we analyzed the number of cysts in the soil at different times of collection and productivity, compared to the control. Thus, the predator P. zaheri has great potential to be used in the management of NCS, although it still needs more research.
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Palavras-chave
Soja, Nematoda, Ácaros no controle biológico de pragas, Entomologia