O funcionamento do discurso dos intersexuais: questões de registro, de ethos e de cenografia
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Data
2022-09-29
Autores
Pereira, Giulia Marquini Laurentino
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Com base no aparato teórico-metodológico da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, este trabalho analisa aspectos do funcionamento do discurso dos intersexuais, com ênfase no plano do ethos discursivo e na diferenciação entre ethos mostrado e ethos dito, conforme as reflexões desenvolvidas por Maingueneau (2006, 2015, 2020) sobre as noções. Em seus trabalhos, Maingueneau considera o ethos como a imagem do enunciador do discurso revelada pelo modo como enuncia, ou seja, o ethos não corresponde exatamente ao que diz a respeito de si, mas à personalidade que revela por meio de sua enunciação. Segundo a ISNA (Intersex Society of North America) (2008), os intersexuais são pessoas que nascem com uma anatomia reprodutiva ou sexual que não se encaixa nas definições típicas de fêmea ou macho. Dessa maneira, como o tema está diretamente relacionado às questões de gênero e de sexualidade, o trabalho se apoia nos Estudos de Gênero para o tratamento da questão da formação da identidade dos corpos intersexuais, destacando os trabalhos de Butler (2019a, 2019b) que discorrem sobre a performatividade do gênero e sobre a noção de sujeitos abjetos. O corpus de pesquisa é composto por um conjunto de 10 textos relativos a 3 tipos de gêneros do discurso digital em que pessoas intersexuais falam de si e de sua própria condição intersexual. Para análise do ethos mostrado do discurso dos intersexuais, observam-se inicialmente os registros a partir dos quais esse discurso se configura, o que permite identificar não só as diferentes facetas que o enunciador projeta de si em seu discurso (ethos da pessoa cientificamente instruída, ethos do ativista e ethos da pessoa traumatizada), como também variações de cenografias. Já a análise do ethos dito revela que as variações do ethos mostrado dizem respeito a um outro aspecto do funcionamento do discurso dos intersexuais que é a necessidade de combater um estereótipo frequentemente associado às pessoas intersexuais, isto é, o da aberração, o que é feito especialmente por meio do emprego de uma metáfora conceitual de acordo com a qual os intersexuais são pessoas em construção.
Based on the theoretical-methodological apparatus of French Discourse Analysis, this work analyzes aspects of the workings of the discourse of intersex people, with emphasis on the discursive ethos and on the differences between the shown and said ethos, according to the reflections developed by Maingueneau (2006, 2015, 2020) on this notion. In his works, Maingueneau considers the ethos as the image of the enunciator of the speech revealed by the way they enunciate, that is, the ethos does not correspond exactly to what they say about themselves, but to the personality that they reveal through their enunciation. According to ISNA (Intersex Society of North America) (2008), intersex people are people who are born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that does not fit the typical definitions of male or female. That way, as the theme is directly related to gender and sexuality issues, this work is based on Gender Studies to address the issue of identity formation of intersex bodies, highlighting the works of Butler (2019a, 2019b) that discuss on the performativity of gender and on the notion of abject subjects. The research corpus is composed of a set of 10 texts related to 3 types of digital genres in which intersex people talk about themselves and their own intersexual condition. For the analysis of the ethos shown in the discourse of intersex people, which is here taken in terms of a non-topic unit, the records from which this discourse is configured are initially observed, which allows identifying not only the different aspects that the enunciator projects of themselves in their speech (teacher’s ethos, activist’s ethos and traumatized person’s ethos), but also scenography variations. The analysis of the said ethos reveals that the variations of the ethos shown concern another aspect of the workings of the discourse of intersex people, which is the need to fight a stereotype often associated with intersex people, that they are freak, which is done especially through the use of a conceptual metaphor according to which intersex people are people in the making.
Based on the theoretical-methodological apparatus of French Discourse Analysis, this work analyzes aspects of the workings of the discourse of intersex people, with emphasis on the discursive ethos and on the differences between the shown and said ethos, according to the reflections developed by Maingueneau (2006, 2015, 2020) on this notion. In his works, Maingueneau considers the ethos as the image of the enunciator of the speech revealed by the way they enunciate, that is, the ethos does not correspond exactly to what they say about themselves, but to the personality that they reveal through their enunciation. According to ISNA (Intersex Society of North America) (2008), intersex people are people who are born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy that does not fit the typical definitions of male or female. That way, as the theme is directly related to gender and sexuality issues, this work is based on Gender Studies to address the issue of identity formation of intersex bodies, highlighting the works of Butler (2019a, 2019b) that discuss on the performativity of gender and on the notion of abject subjects. The research corpus is composed of a set of 10 texts related to 3 types of digital genres in which intersex people talk about themselves and their own intersexual condition. For the analysis of the ethos shown in the discourse of intersex people, which is here taken in terms of a non-topic unit, the records from which this discourse is configured are initially observed, which allows identifying not only the different aspects that the enunciator projects of themselves in their speech (teacher’s ethos, activist’s ethos and traumatized person’s ethos), but also scenography variations. The analysis of the said ethos reveals that the variations of the ethos shown concern another aspect of the workings of the discourse of intersex people, which is the need to fight a stereotype often associated with intersex people, that they are freak, which is done especially through the use of a conceptual metaphor according to which intersex people are people in the making.
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Palavras-chave
Análise do discurso, Ethos discursivo, Psicologia social, Estudos de gênero, Intersexualidade, Discourse analysis, Discursive ethos, Social psychology, Gender studies, Intersexuality