Evidence of quantum gravity at low energies
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2023-08-21
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo a investigação de efeitos de gravitação quântica a baixas energias dado que as tentativas de modelagem de uma teoria completa não foram bem sucedidas até os dias de hoje. Primeiramente apresentamos a primeira comprovação experimental de que a gravidade a baixas energias, de fato, interage com sistemas quânticos. Posteriormente, analizamos duas evidências de que o compo gravitacional, de fato, tem natureza quântica, uma associada ao emaranhamento de duas particulas interagentes e a outra associada a um aparente paradoxo que só pode ser resolvido levando em consideração as propriedades quânticas do campo que medeia as interações. Em seguida, analizamos dois efeitos propostos na escala de gravitação quântica. O primeiro está associada à indefinição de ordem causais em um espaço-tempo em que as fontes de curvatura tem natureza quântica. O segundo está associada à auto-interação gravitacional de partículas quânticas, que seria responsável pela transição do mundo quântico para o clássico. Em particular, argumentamos que assumir esta auto-interação gravitacional é não natural pois, seu análogo elétrico, leva a observáveis que não condizem com os experimentos.
This work has the goal of investigating low-energy quantum gravity effects since attempts to model a full theory have not been successful until now. First, we present the first experimental evidence that low-energy gravity, in fact, interacts with quantum systems. Subsequently, we analyze two pieces of evidence that the gravitational field indeed has a quantum nature, one associated with the entanglement of two interacting particles and the other associated with an apparent paradox that can only be solved by taking into account the quantum properties of the field that mediates the interactions. Next, we analyze two proposed effects on the quantum gravity scale. The first is associated with an indefinition in the space-time causal order when the source of curvature has a quantum nature. The second is associated with the gravitational self-interaction of quantum particles, which would be responsible for the transition from the quantum to the classical world. In particular, we argue that assuming this gravitational self-interaction is unnatural because its electric analog leads to observables that do not fit with the experiments.
This work has the goal of investigating low-energy quantum gravity effects since attempts to model a full theory have not been successful until now. First, we present the first experimental evidence that low-energy gravity, in fact, interacts with quantum systems. Subsequently, we analyze two pieces of evidence that the gravitational field indeed has a quantum nature, one associated with the entanglement of two interacting particles and the other associated with an apparent paradox that can only be solved by taking into account the quantum properties of the field that mediates the interactions. Next, we analyze two proposed effects on the quantum gravity scale. The first is associated with an indefinition in the space-time causal order when the source of curvature has a quantum nature. The second is associated with the gravitational self-interaction of quantum particles, which would be responsible for the transition from the quantum to the classical world. In particular, we argue that assuming this gravitational self-interaction is unnatural because its electric analog leads to observables that do not fit with the experiments.
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Gravidade quântica, Teoria quântica, Causalidade (Fisica)