Análise e diagnóstico socioambiental da área de proteção ambiental do Timburi para uma proposta de multifuncionalidade rural
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Data
2023-08-24
Autores
Moreira, Emanuela Sanches
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A relação entre a sociedade e a natureza num dado território transforma-se em objeto de análise pela Geografia que visa conhecer os múltiplos aspectos que conformam o mundo em que vivemos. A questão ambiental é uma discussão gerada por essa relação, que muitas vezes acontece de forma predatória, sendo necessária a busca pelo equilíbrio entre a conservação da natureza e a realização das atividades econômicas, sobretudo aquelas ligadas ao meio rural. Em virtude deste debate, apropriou-se, nesta pesquisa de mestrado, do conceito de multifuncionalidade rural, o qual fomenta a busca pelo equilíbrio na relação entre a sociedade e a natureza. O recorte territorial da investigação é a Área de Proteção Ambiental de Uso Sustentável no Timburi, localizada no município de Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brasil. Compreende a um território que foi palco de conflitos de interesses entre os moradores locais e a empresa responsável pela tentativa de implementação do aterro sanitário na área, considerada como um sujeito hegemônico. Após trabalhos de levantamento das características físicas e ambientais da área, sentiu-se a necessidade de conhecer quem são os sujeitos que moram ali e como se relacionam com o ambiente. Para isso foram realizados trabalhos de campo, entrevistas com os moradores e com o poder público e o levantamento das demandas da população. Também foi realizado um estágio de pesquisa no exterior, o qual possibilitou amadurecer o debate da multifuncionalidade rural, com base nos exemplos encontrados na Província de Alicante, na Espanha. A partir do levantamento das demandas da população, compreendeu-se que projetos de políticas públicas são o caminho para viabilizar o Plano de Manejo da APA e cumprir com os objetivos previstos na lei de homologação da mesma, que são proteger a diversidade biológica, disciplinar o processo de ocupação, assegurar a sustentabilidade do uso de seus recursos naturais, assegurar o bem-estar das populações humanas e conservar ou melhorar as condições ecológicas locais. Portanto, o principal resultado oferecido por essa pesquisa, foi a caracterização dos moradores da APA do Timburi e a elaboração de propostas de intervenção com base na realidade assistida e no conceito da multifuncionalidade rural. Essas propostas visam cumprir os objetivos da Unidade de Conservação e colocar em prática o Plano de Manejo, atendendo as demandas da população e estabelecendo o equilíbrio entre a produção agropecuária e a preservação da natureza.
The relationship between the society and the nature in a certain territory becomes an analysis object by Geography which aims to understand the multiple aspects that shape the world we live in. The environmental question is a discussion generated from this relationship, which many times happens in a predatory manner, requiring the pursuit for a balance between nature conservation and economic activities, especially those related to rural areas. As a result of this debate, it was appropriated, in this master’s research, the concept of rural multifunctionality, which promotes the pursuit for the balance in the relationship between the society and the environment. The territorial investigation scope is the Sustainable Use Environmental Protection Area (APA) in Timburi, located in the municipality of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. It comprises a territory which has been the scene of interest conflicts between residents and the company responsible for the attempt to implement the sanitary landfill in the area, considered as a hegemonic subject. After surveys of the physical and environmental characteristics of the area, there was a need to know who the individuals living there are and how they relate to the environment. For this purpose, it performed fieldworks, residents and government interviews and the identification of the population demands. It was also performed an abroad research internship, which has enabled to mature the rural multifunctionality debate, based on examples found in the Province of Alicante, Spain. From the survey of the population demands, it was understood that public policy projects are the way to make the Management Plan of the APA and reach the foreseen objectives in the homologation law of the same, which are to protect the biological diversity, to discipline the occupation process, to secure the sustainability of the use of the environmental resources, to secure the human population wellbeing and to maintain or improve the local ecological conditions. Therefore, the main result offered by this research was the characterization of the residents of the EPA Timburi and the intervention proposals elaboration based on the observed reality and on the concept of rural multifunctionality. Those proposals aim to fulfill the objectives of the Conservation Unit and to put into practice the Management Plan, meeting the population demands and establishing the balance between the agricultural production and environment preservation.
The relationship between the society and the nature in a certain territory becomes an analysis object by Geography which aims to understand the multiple aspects that shape the world we live in. The environmental question is a discussion generated from this relationship, which many times happens in a predatory manner, requiring the pursuit for a balance between nature conservation and economic activities, especially those related to rural areas. As a result of this debate, it was appropriated, in this master’s research, the concept of rural multifunctionality, which promotes the pursuit for the balance in the relationship between the society and the environment. The territorial investigation scope is the Sustainable Use Environmental Protection Area (APA) in Timburi, located in the municipality of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. It comprises a territory which has been the scene of interest conflicts between residents and the company responsible for the attempt to implement the sanitary landfill in the area, considered as a hegemonic subject. After surveys of the physical and environmental characteristics of the area, there was a need to know who the individuals living there are and how they relate to the environment. For this purpose, it performed fieldworks, residents and government interviews and the identification of the population demands. It was also performed an abroad research internship, which has enabled to mature the rural multifunctionality debate, based on examples found in the Province of Alicante, Spain. From the survey of the population demands, it was understood that public policy projects are the way to make the Management Plan of the APA and reach the foreseen objectives in the homologation law of the same, which are to protect the biological diversity, to discipline the occupation process, to secure the sustainability of the use of the environmental resources, to secure the human population wellbeing and to maintain or improve the local ecological conditions. Therefore, the main result offered by this research was the characterization of the residents of the EPA Timburi and the intervention proposals elaboration based on the observed reality and on the concept of rural multifunctionality. Those proposals aim to fulfill the objectives of the Conservation Unit and to put into practice the Management Plan, meeting the population demands and establishing the balance between the agricultural production and environment preservation.
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Palavras-chave
Questão ambiental, Multifuncionalidade, Produtor rural, Presidente Prudente-SP, Alicante-Espanha, Environmental issue, Multifunctionality, Rural producer, Alicante-Spain