Contribuições para o ensino de eletrônica e robótica nas escolas de ensino médio de Presidente Prudente e região
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Data
2019-08-20
Autores
Mafra, Marta Ferreira
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Em meados de 2015, chegou às escolas do Programa de Ensino Integral (PEI) da rede pública estadual, o Kit Robótica Arduino, composto por um conjunto de componentes de eletrônica, sendo uma placa Arduino e dois pequenos livros. Para utilizar esses materiais, a Diretoria de Ensino assumiu a tarefa de capacitar os professores da Área de Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias e contou com o apoio da FCT/UNESP – Campus de Presidente Prudente. Durante as capacitações compostas por Orientações Técnicas – OT – e por Curso, foram verificadas in loco as dificuldades dos professores no manejo com os projetos de Robótica, surgidos principalmente pela carência de conteúdos de eletrônica. Ao término das capacitações e da análise de seus resultados, surgiu a ideia de criar um Manual Simplificado de Eletrônica (Apêndice) com os elementos básicos da Eletrônica e de elaborar Propostas de Atividades Experimentais – PAE – (Apêndice). Foi criada uma metodologia, a fim de tornar mais eficazes as atividades de treinamento de professores focadas no Kit Robótica Arduino. Para avaliar a metodologia, foram realizados experimentos usando a metodologia proposta em uma escola pública de Presidente Prudente, os quais, tendo obtido bons resultados, são discutidos neste trabalho. Espera-se que sua divulgação em outras Diretorias de Ensino da região possa reduzir o tempo utilizado em treinamento de professores, bem como melhorar a competência na implantação da Robótica. Embora a maioria das escolas da rede pública estadual ainda não tenha recebido o Kit Robótica Arduino, quando isso acontecer, certamente enfrentarão problemas semelhantes aos que levaram à elaboração desta dissertação.
In the middle of 2015, schools included in the Integral Education Program of São Paulo State public school system were contemplated with the Arduino Robotics Kit: a set of electronic components, an Arduino Board and two booklets. The Education Department in Presidente Prudente, counting on the support of FCT/UNESP – Presidente Prudente Campus, took on the task of training teachers in the field of Nature Science and its Technologies to improve the use of that material. During training activities – Technical Guidance and Coursework – teachers’ difficulties in developing robotics projects were evidenced, mainly due to their lack of knowledge in electronics. At the end of the developed activities, after having the participants acquired some practice in the subject, came up the ideas of writing a Simplified Manual of Electronics (Appendix) which would contemplate the necessary basic elements for working in this area, as well as elaborating Proposals for Experimental Activities (PAE - Appendix). A methodology was created in order to make teachers’ training focused on Arduino Robotics Kit more effective. To evaluate the methodology, experiments were performed in a public school in Presidente Prudente, which, having obtained good results, are discussed in this paper. It is expected that the dissemination of this work in other regional Education Departments might contribute not only to reduce teachers' training time, but also to achieve better proficiency in implementing Robotics. Although the majority of São Paulo public schools have not yet been contemplated with Arduino Robotics Kits, when they do, they will certainly face the same problems which led to the elaboration of this dissertation.
In the middle of 2015, schools included in the Integral Education Program of São Paulo State public school system were contemplated with the Arduino Robotics Kit: a set of electronic components, an Arduino Board and two booklets. The Education Department in Presidente Prudente, counting on the support of FCT/UNESP – Presidente Prudente Campus, took on the task of training teachers in the field of Nature Science and its Technologies to improve the use of that material. During training activities – Technical Guidance and Coursework – teachers’ difficulties in developing robotics projects were evidenced, mainly due to their lack of knowledge in electronics. At the end of the developed activities, after having the participants acquired some practice in the subject, came up the ideas of writing a Simplified Manual of Electronics (Appendix) which would contemplate the necessary basic elements for working in this area, as well as elaborating Proposals for Experimental Activities (PAE - Appendix). A methodology was created in order to make teachers’ training focused on Arduino Robotics Kit more effective. To evaluate the methodology, experiments were performed in a public school in Presidente Prudente, which, having obtained good results, are discussed in this paper. It is expected that the dissemination of this work in other regional Education Departments might contribute not only to reduce teachers' training time, but also to achieve better proficiency in implementing Robotics. Although the majority of São Paulo public schools have not yet been contemplated with Arduino Robotics Kits, when they do, they will certainly face the same problems which led to the elaboration of this dissertation.
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Ensino de Física, Escola pública, Robótica, Arduino, Physics teaching, Public school, Robotics, Arduino