Leptospirose em Didelphis albiventris (gambá-de-orelha-branca) e em humanos em Minas Gerais no período de 2001 a 2017
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2020-07-21
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
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A leptospirose é uma zoonose causada por bactérias do gênero Leptospira. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a ocorrência de Leptospira spp. em Didelphis albiventris (gambás-de-orelha-branca) na região Sul de Minas Gerais, avaliar a ocorrência de leptospirose em humanos no Estado de Minas Gerais no período de 2001 a 2017 e analisar a relação entre a precipitação pluviométrica e a taxa de incidência de leptospirose humana no Estado de Minas Gerais de janeiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2017. Com relação à pesquisa com os gambás-de-orelha-branca, foram testados na MAT sete amostras de soro mas não foram encontrados animais sororreagentes nem foi obtido isolamento das amostras de urina. Em humanos em Minas Gerais, no período de 2001 a 2017, foi realizado um estudo observacional do tipo ecológico. O número de casos de leptospirose variou de 53 a 112 por ano, a taxa incidência variou de 0,99 a 7,14 casos por 1.000.000 habitantes, a taxa de mortalidade variou de 1,10 a 11,43 óbitos por 10.000.000 habitantes e a taxa de letalidade variou de 8,22 a 20,99 óbitos por 100 casos. A distribuição anual demonstrou um padrão de sazonalidade dos casos de leptospirose. Ao longo dos meses, a maior ocorrência da doença foi observada nos períodos chuvosos, de outubro a março. Nos meses de transição entre a estação chuvosa e a seca (abril) e da estação seca para a chuvosa (setembro) ainda foi observado um número maior de casos que poderiam estar associados às chuvas do mês anterior ou ainda às chuvas de final e início de estação, respectivamente. Nos demais meses, os casos que ocorreram não apresentam relação direta com a precipitação, pois são meses com baixa pluviosidade. Analisando a série histórica verificou-se que picos da taxa de incidência de leptospirose ocorreram após picos de precipitação. Embora muitas pesquisas tenham demonstrado a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leptospira spp. em gambá-de-orelha-branca em outras localidades, na região Sudoeste de Minas Gerais não se encontraram sororreagentes nem se obteve multiplicação em meio EMJH. No Estado, a doença ocorreu mais em homens, brancos, adultos, tendo o ambiente urbano e o domiciliar como os mais importantes para o contato com a bactéria. O presente estudo também demonstrou que no Estado de Minas Gerais a leptospirose é endêmica e que a sazonalidade dos casos está fortemente associada ao aumento da precipitação pluviométrica.
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The objective of this work was to study the occurrence of antibodies to Leptospira spp. in Didelphis spp. (white-eared possums) in the Southwest region of Minas Gerais, to evaluate the occurrence of leptospirosis in humans in the State of Minas Gerais from 2001 to 2017 and to analyze the relationship between rainfall and the incidence rate of human leptospirosis in the State of Minas Gerais from January 2001 to December 2017. Regarding the research with white-eared opossums, 7 serum samples were tested at MAT but no reactors were found, nor was isolation from urine samples obtained. For humans in Minas Gerais, in the period from 2001 to 2017, an observational study of the ecological type was carried out. The number of cases of leptospirosis ranged from 53 to 112 cases per year, the incidence rate ranged from 0.99 to 7.14 cases per 1,000,000 inhabitants, the mortality rate it ranged from 1.10 to 11.43 deaths per 10,000,000 inhabitants and the lethality rate ranged from 8.22 to 20.99 deaths per 100 cases. The annual distribution showed a pattern of seasonality in the cases of leptospirosis. Over the months, the greatest occurrence of the disease was observed in the rainy periods, from October to March. In the months of transition between the rainy and dry season (April) and from the dry to rainy season (September), a greater number of cases were observed, which could be associated with the rains of the previous month or even with the rains at the end and beginning of station, respectively. In the other months, the cases that occurred are not directly related to precipitation, as these are months with low rainfall. Analyzing the historical series, it was found that peaks in the leptospirosis incidence rate occurred after peaks of precipitation. Although many investigations has shown the occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in white-eared opossums in other locations, in the Southwest region of Minas Gerais no reactors were found, nor was growth obtained in EMJH medium. In the State, the disease ocurred more in men, whites, adults, with the urban and home environment as the most important for contact with the bacteria. The present study also demonstrated that in the State of Minas Gerais leptospirosis is endemic and that the seasonality of the cases is strongly associated with increased rainfall.
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The objective of this work was to study the occurrence of antibodies to Leptospira spp. in Didelphis spp. (white-eared possums) in the Southwest region of Minas Gerais, to evaluate the occurrence of leptospirosis in humans in the State of Minas Gerais from 2001 to 2017 and to analyze the relationship between rainfall and the incidence rate of human leptospirosis in the State of Minas Gerais from January 2001 to December 2017. Regarding the research with white-eared opossums, 7 serum samples were tested at MAT but no reactors were found, nor was isolation from urine samples obtained. For humans in Minas Gerais, in the period from 2001 to 2017, an observational study of the ecological type was carried out. The number of cases of leptospirosis ranged from 53 to 112 cases per year, the incidence rate ranged from 0.99 to 7.14 cases per 1,000,000 inhabitants, the mortality rate it ranged from 1.10 to 11.43 deaths per 10,000,000 inhabitants and the lethality rate ranged from 8.22 to 20.99 deaths per 100 cases. The annual distribution showed a pattern of seasonality in the cases of leptospirosis. Over the months, the greatest occurrence of the disease was observed in the rainy periods, from October to March. In the months of transition between the rainy and dry season (April) and from the dry to rainy season (September), a greater number of cases were observed, which could be associated with the rains of the previous month or even with the rains at the end and beginning of station, respectively. In the other months, the cases that occurred are not directly related to precipitation, as these are months with low rainfall. Analyzing the historical series, it was found that peaks in the leptospirosis incidence rate occurred after peaks of precipitation. Although many investigations has shown the occurrence of antibodies against Leptospira spp. in white-eared opossums in other locations, in the Southwest region of Minas Gerais no reactors were found, nor was growth obtained in EMJH medium. In the State, the disease ocurred more in men, whites, adults, with the urban and home environment as the most important for contact with the bacteria. The present study also demonstrated that in the State of Minas Gerais leptospirosis is endemic and that the seasonality of the cases is strongly associated with increased rainfall.
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Humanos, Human, Leptospira, Leptospirose