Os resíduos sólidos urbanos como uma problemática ambiental e laboral - uma análise do município de Presidente Venceslau
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2022-12-07
Autores
Silva, Allan Elias da
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A presente dissertação propõe analisar o Gerenciamento de Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos como problemática em duas vertentes: Ambiental e Laboral. A partir do Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos – PMGIRS, introduzido pela Lei n° 12.305/2010 e outras legislações, os aspectos ambientais e do trabalho passaram a ganhar protagonismo, porém, muitas políticas públicas ainda não são efetivamente implementadas, ou seja, só são observadas no papel, sem qualquer implementação ou ações mínimas, manifestando-se somente como uma obrigação legal. É nesse sentido, que o protagonismo da Coleta Seletiva é cada vez mais indiscutível e é por intermédio dela que veremos as temáticas aqui estudadas. O presente trabalho respalda seu campo de estudo pelas análises e verificações dos chamados Inventários de Resíduos Sólidos da CETESB, onde com a observação da Unidade Hidrográfica do Pontal do Paranapanema, destacamos municípios com situações inadequadas no que é chamado de IQR – Índice de Qualidade do Aterro de Resíduos. Assim, com vistas a verificar e entender as dificuldades encontradas nessa relação importante do ambiental versus o laboral, o recorte escolhido foi o município de Presidente Venceslau/SP, que segundo diversos inventários, encontra-se em situação inadequada, quando analisadas as condições ambientais do aterro de destino de resíduos urbanos. Em relação aos aspectos metodológicos, a pesquisa possui enfoque qualitativo, onde relaciona e observa perspectivas bibliográficas e investigativas que se deram principalmente ao exame analítico de documentos como o Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos do Município, vislumbres de legislações e diversas obras complementares. Ainda, levando em conta à observação mais profunda das problemáticas, realizou-se pesquisas de campo que se deram em três âmbitos: SEAAMA, secretaria, responsável pelo meio ambiente, onde foi aplicada entrevista semiestruturada; Aterro Sanitário a fim de análise das condições e observação participante com a Cooperativa Municipal atuante – COORPREVE, e; visita ao Gabinete da Chefe do Executivo Municipal para contrapor ideias, relacionar principais conclusões, medidas em implementação e perspectivas de futuro. A partir das sondagens e conclusões colhidas, foi possível obter como resultados que a falta de comprometimento e políticas públicas ambientais efetivas, principalmente no que tange a coleta seletiva, gestão e todas as ações que englobam o gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos urbanos, bem como falta de infraestrutura e ações de diagnóstico e prognósticos necessários, impactou negativamente e diretamente a situação do município nessas dimensões. Assim, pode-se concluir que medidas de assistência técnica à coleta seletiva são importantes e necessárias para criação de políticas que impulsionem e assistam esses colaboradores com efetividade, salientado que o já existente ainda é ineficaz e insuficiente, fato observado durante muito tempo com as irregularidades notabilizadas, o que descreve portanto, muitas das problemáticas exteriorizadas.
This dissertation proposes to analyze the Management of Urban Solid Waste as problematic in two aspects: Environmental and Labor. From the City Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management (PMGIRS), introduced by Law No. 12,305/2010 and other legislation, environmental and labor aspects began to gain prominence, however, many public policies are not yet effectively implemented, that is, they are only observed on paper, without any implementation or minimal actions, manifesting itself only as a legal obligation. It is in this sense that the role of Selective Collection is increasingly indisputable and it is through it that we will see the themes studied here. The present work supports its field of study by the analysis and verification of the so-called Solid Waste Inventories of CETESB, where with the observation of the Pontal do Paranapanema Hydrographic Unit, we highlight cities with inadequate situations in what is called the IQR - Waste Landfill Quality Index. Thus, in order to verify and understand the difficulties encountered in this important environmental versus labor relationship, the cut out chosen was the city of Presidente Venceslau/SP, which according to several inventories, is in an inadequate situation when analyzing the environmental conditions of the landfill destination of urban waste. In relation to methodological aspects, the research has a qualitative focus, where it relates and observes bibliographic and investigative perspectives that were mainly given to the analytical examination of documents such as the Municipal Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management, glimpses of legislation and several complementary works. Furthermore, taking into account the deeper observation of the problems, field research was carried out that took place in three areas: SEAAMA, department, responsible for the environment, where semi-structured interviews were applied; Landfill in order to analyze the conditions and participant observation with the active city cooperative - COORPREVE, and; visit to the Office of the Chief Executive of the city to counter ideas, relate main conclusions, measures in implementation and future prospects. From the surveys and conclusions collected, it was possible to obtain as results that the lack of commitment and effective environmental public policies, especially with regard to selective collection, management and all actions that include the management of municipal solid waste, as well as lack of infrastructure and diagnostic actions and necessary prognoses, negatively and directly impacted the situation of the city in these dimensions. Thus, it can be concluded that technical assistance measures to selective collection are important and necessary to create policies that boost and assist these employees effectively, emphasizing that the existing one is still ineffective and insufficient, a fact that has been observed for a long time with these described irregularities, which shows, therefore, many of the externalized problems.
This dissertation proposes to analyze the Management of Urban Solid Waste as problematic in two aspects: Environmental and Labor. From the City Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management (PMGIRS), introduced by Law No. 12,305/2010 and other legislation, environmental and labor aspects began to gain prominence, however, many public policies are not yet effectively implemented, that is, they are only observed on paper, without any implementation or minimal actions, manifesting itself only as a legal obligation. It is in this sense that the role of Selective Collection is increasingly indisputable and it is through it that we will see the themes studied here. The present work supports its field of study by the analysis and verification of the so-called Solid Waste Inventories of CETESB, where with the observation of the Pontal do Paranapanema Hydrographic Unit, we highlight cities with inadequate situations in what is called the IQR - Waste Landfill Quality Index. Thus, in order to verify and understand the difficulties encountered in this important environmental versus labor relationship, the cut out chosen was the city of Presidente Venceslau/SP, which according to several inventories, is in an inadequate situation when analyzing the environmental conditions of the landfill destination of urban waste. In relation to methodological aspects, the research has a qualitative focus, where it relates and observes bibliographic and investigative perspectives that were mainly given to the analytical examination of documents such as the Municipal Plan for Integrated Solid Waste Management, glimpses of legislation and several complementary works. Furthermore, taking into account the deeper observation of the problems, field research was carried out that took place in three areas: SEAAMA, department, responsible for the environment, where semi-structured interviews were applied; Landfill in order to analyze the conditions and participant observation with the active city cooperative - COORPREVE, and; visit to the Office of the Chief Executive of the city to counter ideas, relate main conclusions, measures in implementation and future prospects. From the surveys and conclusions collected, it was possible to obtain as results that the lack of commitment and effective environmental public policies, especially with regard to selective collection, management and all actions that include the management of municipal solid waste, as well as lack of infrastructure and diagnostic actions and necessary prognoses, negatively and directly impacted the situation of the city in these dimensions. Thus, it can be concluded that technical assistance measures to selective collection are important and necessary to create policies that boost and assist these employees effectively, emphasizing that the existing one is still ineffective and insufficient, a fact that has been observed for a long time with these described irregularities, which shows, therefore, many of the externalized problems.
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Palavras-chave
Resíduos, Ambiental, Laboral, Coleta seletiva, Presidente Venceslau, Waste, Environmental, Labor, Selective collect