Culturas de cobertura do solo no desenvolvimento e produção do feijoeiro inoculado com bactérias diazotróficas
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Data
2022-05-03
Autores
Santana, Thais Lana Lobo
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A cultura do feijoeiro tem grande relevância econômica-social e faz do Brasil um dos principais produtores deste cereal. No cenário atual, busca-se cada vez mais por alternativas sustentáveis e pela integração de métodos para o aumento da sua produtividade, como a diversificação de culturas e utilização de biotecnologias. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento e a produtividade do feijão sob efeito das coberturas vegetais e da inoculação e sua viabilidade econômica. O estudo foi desenvolvido em área de sistema de plantio direto consolidado no município de Selvíria, MS, Brasil, no ano agrícola 2019. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, disposto em esquema fatorial com quatro repetições, as quais constituíram o arranjo de cinco coberturas vegetais de gramíneas e leguminosas consorciadas com quatro combinações de inoculantes: Rhizobium tropici, Azospirillum brasilense e Brutall plus ®. Verificou-se que, as coberturas vegetais de consórcio do milho com leguminosas ou gramíneas não afetaram os componentes de produção, a produtividade e a nutrição do feijão de inverno. A utilização do produto comercial Brutall plus ® ou associado com A. brasilense resultou em maior massa de cem grãos do cultivar IPR Campos Gerais, porém não proporcionou aumento na produtividade de grãos. Houve incrementos na qualidade comercial de grãos na peneira 13 e RP ≥ 12 quando inoculado com R. tropici e R. tropici + A. brasilense. O maior lucro operacional e consequentemente, o melhor índice de lucratividade foi obtido pelo uso de milho e C. spectabilis como cobertura do solo e o uso do manejo de inoculaçãodo feijão com R. tropici. Já as maiores produtividades de equilíbrio foram obtidas como cobertura de feijão guandú, devido ao preço da semente.
The bean crop has great economic and social relevance and makes Brazil one of the main producers of this cereal. In the current scenario, there is an increasing search for sustainable alternatives and the integration of methods to increase their productivity, such as crop diversification and the use of biotechnology. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the development and productivity of beans under the effect of plant cover and inoculation and its economic viability. The study was developed in an area of consolidated no-tillage system in the municipality of Selvíria, MS, Brazil, in the agricultural year 2019. The experimental design was randomized blocks, arranged in factorial scheme with four replications, which constituted the arrangement of five plant covers of grasses and legumes intercropped with four combinations of inoculants: Rhizobium tropici, Azospirillum brasilense and Brutall plus. It was found that the intercropped vegetable covers of corn with legumes or grasses did not affect the production components, productivity and nutrition of winter beans. The use of the commercial product Brutall plus ®. or associated with A. brasilense resulted in a greater mass of one hundred grains of the cultivar IPR Campos Gerais, but did not provide an increase in grain yield. There were increases in commercial grain quality in sieve 13 and RP 12 when inoculated with R. tropici and R. tropici + A. brasilense. The highest operating profit and consequently, the best profitability index was obtained by the use of corn and C. spectabilis as soil cover and the use of bean inoculation management with R. tropici. The highest equilibrium productivities were obtained as guandú bean cover, due to the seed price.
The bean crop has great economic and social relevance and makes Brazil one of the main producers of this cereal. In the current scenario, there is an increasing search for sustainable alternatives and the integration of methods to increase their productivity, such as crop diversification and the use of biotechnology. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the development and productivity of beans under the effect of plant cover and inoculation and its economic viability. The study was developed in an area of consolidated no-tillage system in the municipality of Selvíria, MS, Brazil, in the agricultural year 2019. The experimental design was randomized blocks, arranged in factorial scheme with four replications, which constituted the arrangement of five plant covers of grasses and legumes intercropped with four combinations of inoculants: Rhizobium tropici, Azospirillum brasilense and Brutall plus. It was found that the intercropped vegetable covers of corn with legumes or grasses did not affect the production components, productivity and nutrition of winter beans. The use of the commercial product Brutall plus ®. or associated with A. brasilense resulted in a greater mass of one hundred grains of the cultivar IPR Campos Gerais, but did not provide an increase in grain yield. There were increases in commercial grain quality in sieve 13 and RP 12 when inoculated with R. tropici and R. tropici + A. brasilense. The highest operating profit and consequently, the best profitability index was obtained by the use of corn and C. spectabilis as soil cover and the use of bean inoculation management with R. tropici. The highest equilibrium productivities were obtained as guandú bean cover, due to the seed price.
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Phaseolus vulgaris L, Zea mays L, Crotalaria spectabili, Cajanus cajan, Urochloa ruziziensis, Urochloa brizantha