Diagnóstico do ruído em ambientes internos e externos de hospitais do município de Sorocaba (SP)
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Data
2022-07-19
Autores
Andrade, Erik de Lima
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A poluição sonora é considerada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) como um problema de saúde pública e já é a segunda maior causa de poluição ambiental. Alguns locais são mais afetados por este tipo de poluição em virtude da situação física e emocional das pessoas, como os hospitais. Apesar disso, há uma lacuna global de estudos relacionados ao ruído e hospitais. Neste sentido, este trabalho objetivou realizar um diagnóstico da situação atual do ruído interno e externo de três hospitais públicos da cidade de Sorocaba, Brasil. A pesquisa foi dividida em três partes, nomeadas de capítulos, onde no primeiro capítulo foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura referente ao ruído ambiental ao redor do mundo, com buscas em três das principais bases de dados de revistas científicas, sendo Scopus, Web of Science e ScienceDirect. O segundo capítulo consistiu em medições internas dos níveis sonoros dos hospitais, durante o período diurno e noturno, utilizando-se sonômetro classe 1 e com base na norma NBR 10152. O terceiro capítulo foi dividido entre medições externas de ruído e elaboração de mapas acústicos, baseado nas normas NBR 10151, ISO 1996 e ISO 9613. Os resultados do primeiro capítulo mostraram que existe maior concentração de estudos desta temática na Ásia, América e Europa, em revistas de enfermagem, medicina, engenharia e ciências ambientais. O foco principal das pesquisas foi na parte interna dos hospitais, geralmente em setores específicos, como unidades de terapia intensiva. Os valores de referência em praticamente todos os estudos ultrapassaram as recomendações da OMS. No segundo capítulo, foi constatado que todos os locais estudados dos hospitais, tanto durante o dia quanto a noite, ultrapassaram os valores recomendados de níveis sonoros. De acordo com o espectro de frequência das medições, foi verificado que há grande influência de ruído de acordo com a atividade de cada setor, como manipulação de objetos e equipamentos médicos, no entanto há predomínio em quase todos os setores da influência de conversação das pessoas sobre os níveis sonoros elevados. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo, foi mostrado que a parte externa dos hospitais existe níveis elevados de ruído incidindo até a fachada dos mesmos, tanto de dia, quanto a noite, mesmo em vias de menor velocidade de circulação de veículos. Como conclusões deste trabalho, pode-se destacar que ainda há uma grande lacuna geográfica e metodológica referente ao ruído em ambientes hospitalares. Com base nos resultados dos níveis sonoros internos dos hospitais e espectro de frequência, providências podem ser tomadas para redução dos mesmos, inclusive de baixo custo como educação e conscientização da equipe do hospital. Os resultados da parte externa dos hospitais com mapas acústicos, servirão de material de qualidade para a gestão municipal e formulação de políticas públicas para redução dos níveis sonoros.
Noise pollution is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health problem and is already the second leading cause of environmental pollution. Some places are most affected by this type of pollution due to the physical and emotional situation of people, such as hospitals. Despite this, there is a global gap in noise-related studies and hospitals. In this sense, this study aimed to make a diagnosis of the current situation of internal and external noise of three public hospitals in the city of Sorocaba, Brazil. The research was divided into three parts, named chapters, where in the first chapter a systematic review of the literature on environmental noise around the world was carried out, with searches in three of the main databases of scientific journals, being Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect. The second chapter consisted of internal measurements of the sound levels of hospitals during the day and night period, using a class 1 sonometer and based on the NBR 10152 standard. The third chapter was divided between external noise measurements and acoustic map making, based on NBR 10151, ISO 1996 and ISO 9613 standards. The results of the first chapter showed that there is a greater concentration of studies on this subject in Asia, America and Europe, in nursing, medicine, engineering and environmental sciences journals. The main focus of the research was on the internal part of hospitals, usually in specific sectors, such as intensive care units. The reference values in virtually all studies exceeded WHO recommendations. In the second chapter, it was found that all the studied sites of the hospitals, both during the day and at night, exceeded the recommended values of sound levels. According to the frequency spectrum of the measurements, it was verified that there is great influence of noise according to the activity of each sector, such as manipulation of objects and medical equipment, however, there is a predominance in almost all sectors of people's conversational influence on high sound levels. Finally, in the third chapter, it was shown that the outside of hospitals there are high levels of noise focusing on their façade, both day and night, even on lower vehicle traffic routes. As conclusions of this study, it can be highlighted that there is still a large geographical and methodological gap related to noise in hospital environments. Based on the results of the hospital's internal sound levels and frequency spectrum, steps can be taken to reduce them, including low-cost education and awareness of hospital staff. The results from the outside of hospitals with acoustic maps will serve as quality material for municipal management and formulation of public policies to reduce sound levels.
Noise pollution is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a public health problem and is already the second leading cause of environmental pollution. Some places are most affected by this type of pollution due to the physical and emotional situation of people, such as hospitals. Despite this, there is a global gap in noise-related studies and hospitals. In this sense, this study aimed to make a diagnosis of the current situation of internal and external noise of three public hospitals in the city of Sorocaba, Brazil. The research was divided into three parts, named chapters, where in the first chapter a systematic review of the literature on environmental noise around the world was carried out, with searches in three of the main databases of scientific journals, being Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect. The second chapter consisted of internal measurements of the sound levels of hospitals during the day and night period, using a class 1 sonometer and based on the NBR 10152 standard. The third chapter was divided between external noise measurements and acoustic map making, based on NBR 10151, ISO 1996 and ISO 9613 standards. The results of the first chapter showed that there is a greater concentration of studies on this subject in Asia, America and Europe, in nursing, medicine, engineering and environmental sciences journals. The main focus of the research was on the internal part of hospitals, usually in specific sectors, such as intensive care units. The reference values in virtually all studies exceeded WHO recommendations. In the second chapter, it was found that all the studied sites of the hospitals, both during the day and at night, exceeded the recommended values of sound levels. According to the frequency spectrum of the measurements, it was verified that there is great influence of noise according to the activity of each sector, such as manipulation of objects and medical equipment, however, there is a predominance in almost all sectors of people's conversational influence on high sound levels. Finally, in the third chapter, it was shown that the outside of hospitals there are high levels of noise focusing on their façade, both day and night, even on lower vehicle traffic routes. As conclusions of this study, it can be highlighted that there is still a large geographical and methodological gap related to noise in hospital environments. Based on the results of the hospital's internal sound levels and frequency spectrum, steps can be taken to reduce them, including low-cost education and awareness of hospital staff. The results from the outside of hospitals with acoustic maps will serve as quality material for municipal management and formulation of public policies to reduce sound levels.
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Palavras-chave
Poluição sonora, Mapa acústico, Níveis de pressão sonora, Saúde pública, Noise pollution, Acoustic map, Sound pressure levels, Public health