Ondas eletromagnéticas nos anos finais do ensino fundamental utilizando uma caixa de cores
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Data
2023-03-02
Autores
Simões, Ana Flavia Chaparro Viana
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Esta pesquisa discute as contribuições da utilização de um objeto educacional na aprendizagem do conteúdo de ondas eletromagnéticas por alunos do nono ano do Ensino Fundamental. O conteúdo de ondas eletromagnéticas, embora esteja associado à várias tecnologias presentes na atualidade, ainda é considerado de difícil aprendizagem pelos alunos do ensino básico, segundo diversos estudos. O objeto educacional utilizado nesta pesquisa foi proposto e construído por esta pesquisadora, consistindo em uma caixa de cores com uma fonte de luz capaz de emular o espectro eletromagnético visível em função do comprimento de onda. A aplicação do produto foi feita com 25 alunos de uma escola pública localizada em município do interior paulista. A pesquisa se dividiu em duas principais etapas: i) planejamento, no qual foram elaborados o produto, as sequências didáticas, os instrumentos de coleta de dados e; ii) a intervenção pedagógica, a qual foi realizada em três encontros de três aulas cada, totalizando 9 aulas. O objeto construído caracteriza-se por utilizar materiais de fácil acesso e baixo custo, podendo ser replicado por professores. As sequências didáticas foram elaboradas com base na metodologia investigativa, propiciando ao estudante a oportunidade de vivenciar práticas de ciências como: observar, fazer hipóteses, testar, discutir, refletir e comunicar. Esta pesquisa caracteriza-se por ser qualitativa, descritiva, com abordagem interventiva. Nossos resultados indicam que os estudantes foram capazes de: reconhecer situações envolvendo ondas eletromagnéticas em seu cotidiano; identificar as principais diferenças entre as ondas eletromagnéticas e ondas mecânicas; identificar a relação entre o comprimento de onda e a luz visível; e reconhecer que a cor visível de um objeto tem relação com a cor do objeto e os comprimentos de onda emitidos pela fonte de luz, ou seja, é dependente de padrões de absorção e reflexão das ondas eletromagnéticas.
This research discusses the contributions of using an educational object in learning the content of electromagnetic waves by students in the ninth year of Elementary School. Several studies have shown that the content of electromagnetic waves, although associated with various technologies present today, is still considered difficult to learn by primary school students. The educational object used in this research was proposed and built by this researcher, and it consists of a color box with a light source able to emulate the visible electromagnetic spectrum as a function of wavelength. The product was applied to 25 students from a public school in a city in the interior of São Paulo. This research was divided into two main stages: i) planning - in which the product, the didactic sequences, and the data collection instruments were elaborated; ii) pedagogical intervention - carried out in three meetings of three classes each, totaling 9 classes. The educational object parts are characterized by the use of easily accessible and low-cost materials, allowing the replication by teachers. The didactic sequences were elaborated based on the investigative methodology, providing the student the opportunity to experience science practices such as: observing, making hypotheses, testing, discussing, reflecting, and communicating. This research can be characterized as qualitative and descriptive, with an interventional approach. Our results indicated that students were able to: recognize situations involving electromagnetic waves in their daily lives; identify the main differences between electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves; identify the relationship between wavelength and visible light; and recognize that the visible color of an object is related to the object's color and the wavelengths emitted by the light source, that is, it is dependent on patterns of absorption and reflection of electromagnetic waves.
This research discusses the contributions of using an educational object in learning the content of electromagnetic waves by students in the ninth year of Elementary School. Several studies have shown that the content of electromagnetic waves, although associated with various technologies present today, is still considered difficult to learn by primary school students. The educational object used in this research was proposed and built by this researcher, and it consists of a color box with a light source able to emulate the visible electromagnetic spectrum as a function of wavelength. The product was applied to 25 students from a public school in a city in the interior of São Paulo. This research was divided into two main stages: i) planning - in which the product, the didactic sequences, and the data collection instruments were elaborated; ii) pedagogical intervention - carried out in three meetings of three classes each, totaling 9 classes. The educational object parts are characterized by the use of easily accessible and low-cost materials, allowing the replication by teachers. The didactic sequences were elaborated based on the investigative methodology, providing the student the opportunity to experience science practices such as: observing, making hypotheses, testing, discussing, reflecting, and communicating. This research can be characterized as qualitative and descriptive, with an interventional approach. Our results indicated that students were able to: recognize situations involving electromagnetic waves in their daily lives; identify the main differences between electromagnetic waves and mechanical waves; identify the relationship between wavelength and visible light; and recognize that the visible color of an object is related to the object's color and the wavelengths emitted by the light source, that is, it is dependent on patterns of absorption and reflection of electromagnetic waves.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Espectro eletromagnético visível, Tecnologias educacionais, Ensino por investigação, Visible electromagnetic spectrum, Educational technologies, Teaching by investigation