Efeitos da indução da fala lenta e rápida na fluência de indivíduos com e sem transtorno da fluência
Data
2023-03-07
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Introdução: Apesar das evidências científicas a respeito da relevância da velocidade da fala para a fluência, pouco se sabe sobre os efeitos da fala lenta e da fala rápida na produção das mensagens dos falantes com transtornos da fluência. Objetivo: Investigar os efeitos da fala lenta e da fala rápida induzidas na fluência, na inteligibilidade e na naturalidade da fala de adultos com gagueira, com taquifemia e fluentes. Método: Pesquisa com 70 adultos participantes de ambos os sexos, divididos em quatro grupos: Grupo Pesquisa Gagueira (GPG), composto por 20 adultos com gagueira do desenvolvimento persistente; Grupo Comparativo Gagueira (GCG), composto por 20 adultos fluentes; Grupo Pesquisa Taquifemia (GPT), composto por 15 adultos com taquifemia; e, Grupo Comparativo Taquifemia (GCT) composto por 15 adultos fluentes. O estudo incluiu 5 juízas fonoaudiólogas para a análise da inteligibilidade e da naturalidade da fala. Foram coletadas 3 amostras de fala espontânea: velocidade habitual, lenta e rápida induzidas. Os seguintes procedimentos foram utilizados: avaliação da fluência da fala, classificação da gravidade da gagueira no GPG e aplicação do Inventário Preditivo da Taquifemia (IPT) no GPT, análise da inteligibilidade e da naturalidade de fala. A análise dos dados utilizou o software STATISTICA versão 10.0. Resultados: A fala lenta induzida ocasionou, no GPG, uma discreta redução de 5,8% no fluxo de sílabas por minuto (SPM) e de 4,6% no fluxo de palavras por minuto (PPM); os GPT, GCG e GCT reduziram os fluxos de SPM (25,2%) e PPM (22,6%). A fala rápida induzida ocasionou, no GPG, um leve aumento dos fluxos de SPM (14,20%) e PPM (12,7%), porém o aumento da velocidade de fala foi estatisticamente significativo nos GPT, GCP e GCT. O efeito da fala lenta induzida na fluência mostrou que houve redução estatisticamente significativa das disfluências típicas da gagueira no GPG e diminuição das outras disfluências e do total das disfluências no GPT; não houve alterações nos adultos fluentes. A fala rápida induzida também levou à diminuição das outras disfluências e do total de disfluências no GPT. Houve redução dos escores da frequência, dos concomitantes físicos e do escore total do Instrumento de Gravidade da Gagueira no GPG na fala lenta induzida, e em 80% ocorreu diminuição de pelo menos um grau do acometimento do distúrbio. No GPG houve melhora na inteligibilidade na fala lenta induzida, e, segundo as juízas, piora na maioria dos adultos na fala rápida induzida. No GPT, o excesso de coarticulação prejudicou a inteligibilidade na fala habitual e rápida induzida, e, segundo as juízas, houve piora em todos os casos analisados na fala rápida quando comparada com a fala habitual. A análise da naturalidade da fala mostrou uma diversidade dos achados: no GPG, 50% não mostraram efeito na fala lenta induzida e 50% melhoraram na fala rápida induzida, e no GPT houve piora na naturalidade na fala lenta e rápida induzida em 66,6% da amostra avaliada. Os adultos com gagueira mostraram que ocorre uma relação negativa entre as disfluências típicas da gagueira e o total de disfluências com a velocidade de fala nas três amostras de fala analisadas. Houve relação negativa entre as outras disfluências e o total de disfluências com a velocidade de fala nos adultos com taquifemia na fala habitual e rápida induzida. Conclusão: Os efeitos da fala lenta induzida foram benéficos para o grupo de adultos com gagueira, pois houve melhora da fluência, redução do escore total do instrumento de gravidade da gagueira e aumento da inteligibilidade da fala. No entanto, a fala rápida induzida prejudicou a inteligibilidade da fala. Os adultos com taquifemia manifestaram efeitos positivos na fala lenta induzida e na fala habitual devido à melhora na velocidade, na fluência e na inteligibilidade da fala. Os dados da naturalidade da fala foram diversos e não conclusivos.
Introduction: Despite the scientific evidence regarding the relevance of speech rate for fluency, little is known about the effects of slow speech and rapid speech on the production of messages by speakers with fluency disorders. Objective: To investigate the effects of induced slow speech and induced rapid speech on fluency, intelligibility, and naturalness of speech in adults with stuttering, adults with cluttering and fluent adults. Method: Participants were 70 adults of both genders, divided in four groups: Stuttering Research Group (SRG), composed of 20 adults with persistent developmental stuttering; Stuttering Comparative Group (SCG), composed of 20 fluent adults; Cluttering Research Group (CRG), composed of 15 adults with cluttering; and Cluttering Comparative Group (CCG) composed of 15 fluent adults. The study included 5 speech therapist judges for the analysis of speech intelligibility and naturalness. Three samples of spontaneous speech were collected: usual, slow, and rapid-induced. The following procedures were used: speech fluency assessment, classification of stuttering severity in the SRG and application of the Predictive Cluttering Inventory (PCI) in the CRG, and analysis of speech intelligibility and naturalness. Data analysis used STATISTICA software version 10.0. Results: The induced slow speech caused, in the SRG, a slight reduction of 5.8% in the flow of syllables per minute (SPM) and of 4.6% in the flow of words per minute (WPM); SRG, SCG, and CCG reduced SPM (25.2%) and PPM (22.6%) flows. The induced rapid speech caused, in the SRG, a slight increase in SPM (14.20%) and PPM (12.7%) flow, but the increase in speech rate was statistically significant in the CRG, SCG, and CCG. The effect of induced slow speech on fluency showed that there was a statistically significant reduction in stuttering-like disfluencies in the SRG and a decrease in other disfluencies and total disfluencies in the CRG; there were no changes in fluent adults. The induced rapid speech also led to a decrease in other disfluencies and total disfluencies in the CRG. There was a reduction in the scores of frequencies, physical concomitants, and the total score of the Stuttering Severity Instrument in the SRG in induced slow speech, and in 80% there was a decrease of at least one degree of the stuttering severity. In the SRG, there was an improvement in intelligibility in the induced slow speech, and, according to the judges, it worsened in most adults in the induced rapid speech. In the CRG, excessive coarticulation impaired intelligibility in usual and rapid speech induced, and, according to the judges, there was a worsening in all cases analyzed in rapid speech when compared to usual speech rate. The analysis of speech naturalness showed a diversity of findings: in the SRG, 50% showed no effect in the induced slow speech and 50% improved in the induced rapid speech, and in the CRG there was a worsen in the naturalness in the induced slow and rapid speech in 66.6% of the evaluated sample. Adults who stutter showed that there is a negative relationship between stuttering-like disfluencies and the total number of disfluencies with speech rate in the three analyzed speech samples. There was a negative relationship between the other disfluencies and the total number of disfluencies with speech rate in adults with cluttering in usual and induced rapid speech. Conclusion: The effects of induced slow speech were beneficial for the group of adults who stutter, as there was an improvement in fluency, a reduction in the total score of the stuttering severity instrument, and an increase in speech intelligibility. However, induced fast speech impaired speech intelligibility. Adults with cluttering showed positive effects on slow speech rate due to improvement in speed, fluency, and speech intelligibility. Data on naturalness speech were diverse and inconclusive.
Introduction: Despite the scientific evidence regarding the relevance of speech rate for fluency, little is known about the effects of slow speech and rapid speech on the production of messages by speakers with fluency disorders. Objective: To investigate the effects of induced slow speech and induced rapid speech on fluency, intelligibility, and naturalness of speech in adults with stuttering, adults with cluttering and fluent adults. Method: Participants were 70 adults of both genders, divided in four groups: Stuttering Research Group (SRG), composed of 20 adults with persistent developmental stuttering; Stuttering Comparative Group (SCG), composed of 20 fluent adults; Cluttering Research Group (CRG), composed of 15 adults with cluttering; and Cluttering Comparative Group (CCG) composed of 15 fluent adults. The study included 5 speech therapist judges for the analysis of speech intelligibility and naturalness. Three samples of spontaneous speech were collected: usual, slow, and rapid-induced. The following procedures were used: speech fluency assessment, classification of stuttering severity in the SRG and application of the Predictive Cluttering Inventory (PCI) in the CRG, and analysis of speech intelligibility and naturalness. Data analysis used STATISTICA software version 10.0. Results: The induced slow speech caused, in the SRG, a slight reduction of 5.8% in the flow of syllables per minute (SPM) and of 4.6% in the flow of words per minute (WPM); SRG, SCG, and CCG reduced SPM (25.2%) and PPM (22.6%) flows. The induced rapid speech caused, in the SRG, a slight increase in SPM (14.20%) and PPM (12.7%) flow, but the increase in speech rate was statistically significant in the CRG, SCG, and CCG. The effect of induced slow speech on fluency showed that there was a statistically significant reduction in stuttering-like disfluencies in the SRG and a decrease in other disfluencies and total disfluencies in the CRG; there were no changes in fluent adults. The induced rapid speech also led to a decrease in other disfluencies and total disfluencies in the CRG. There was a reduction in the scores of frequencies, physical concomitants, and the total score of the Stuttering Severity Instrument in the SRG in induced slow speech, and in 80% there was a decrease of at least one degree of the stuttering severity. In the SRG, there was an improvement in intelligibility in the induced slow speech, and, according to the judges, it worsened in most adults in the induced rapid speech. In the CRG, excessive coarticulation impaired intelligibility in usual and rapid speech induced, and, according to the judges, there was a worsening in all cases analyzed in rapid speech when compared to usual speech rate. The analysis of speech naturalness showed a diversity of findings: in the SRG, 50% showed no effect in the induced slow speech and 50% improved in the induced rapid speech, and in the CRG there was a worsen in the naturalness in the induced slow and rapid speech in 66.6% of the evaluated sample. Adults who stutter showed that there is a negative relationship between stuttering-like disfluencies and the total number of disfluencies with speech rate in the three analyzed speech samples. There was a negative relationship between the other disfluencies and the total number of disfluencies with speech rate in adults with cluttering in usual and induced rapid speech. Conclusion: The effects of induced slow speech were beneficial for the group of adults who stutter, as there was an improvement in fluency, a reduction in the total score of the stuttering severity instrument, and an increase in speech intelligibility. However, induced fast speech impaired speech intelligibility. Adults with cluttering showed positive effects on slow speech rate due to improvement in speed, fluency, and speech intelligibility. Data on naturalness speech were diverse and inconclusive.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Distúrbios da fala, Gagueira, Avaliação, Adultos, Fala, Speech disorders, Stuttering, Assessment, Adults, Speech
Como citar
PALHARINI, Talissa Almeida. Efeitos da indução da fala lenta e rápida na fluência de indivíduos com e sem transtorno da fluência. Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), 2023.