Desenvolvimento de uma prótese discal para animais domésticos
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Data
2022-11-21
Autores
Santos, Marcelo Augusto Rozan dos
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Atualmente, a população de cães, gatos, aves e outros animais de estimação, tem aumentado consideravelmente no Brasil. Segundo a Associação Brasileira da Indústria de Produtos para Animais de Estimação, o Brasil tem a segunda maior população de cães além de ser o terceiro maior país no mundo em população de animais de estimação. Diante desta grande demanda, a economia no setor de animais domésticos, representa 0,36% do PIB brasileiro, à frente de setores como automação industrial e utilidades doméstica. Desta forma, é importante ter mais atenção e estudos no desenvolvimento de produtos para atender este nicho de mercado. Muitos animais têm sofrido com patologias diversas como por exemplo a doença do disco intervertebral que submete os animais a paralisia dos membros ou até mesmo levando-os ao sacrifício. A coluna vertebral é responsável por toda estrutura funcional do corpo, ela auxilia no equilíbrio e na postura ereta, como também é um dos seguimentos mais complexos do corpo. Buscando estudos nos tratamentos já existente e nos procedimentos cirúrgicos que são aplicados na área da medicina, desenvolver um projeto nesta área da medicina veterinária, seria uma forma de proporcionar aos animais domésticos um conforto e uma condição melhor de vida. O objetivo desta tese é fazer um estudo mais profundo sobre a anatomia da coluna vertebral humana e animal, compreender como funciona os movimentos das vértebras, entender como são suas classificações e como ela exerce sua função no corpo humano e animal. Pesquisar também quais são os tipos de patologias que levam os discos vertebrais a terem desgastes e quais os tipos de soluções existentes atualmente para auxiliar na artrodese. Como método, foram utilizadas as tecnologias Engenharia Reversa, que através de um exame tomográfico, conseguiu extrair um biomodelo virtual tridimensional da coluna de um paciente e a tecnologia Manufatura Aditiva, possibilitou imprimir os biomodelos físicos, amostras e corpos de prova para os estudos e ensaios físicos. O resultado foi a criação de uma prótese de substituição total de disco intervertebral para animais domésticos utilizando a impressora 3D, permitindo a descompressão entre as vértebras adjacentes e assim, manter as articulações necessárias que um disco intervertebral exerce, sabendo-se que o resultado de rejeição dos polímeros no corpo animal, não apresentaram inflamação ou qualquer outro tipo de patologia e sim resultados positivos como o crescimento de tecidos nas amostras. Este trabalho conclui que é possível desenvolver diversos outros trabalhos na área da medicina veterinária utilizando a impressora 3D. Abre novas portas para outras pesquisas e suas diversas aplicabilidade utilizando esta técnica de manufatura aditiva.
Currently, the population of dogs, cats, birds and other pets has increased considerably in Brazil. According to the Brazilian Association of the Pet Products Industry, Brazil has the second largest population of dogs in addition to being the third largest country in the world in population of pets. In view of this great demand, the economy in the domestic animals sector represents 0.36% of the Brazilian GDP, ahead of sectors such as industrial automation and domestic utilities. In this way, it is important to pay more attention and studies in the development of products to serve this market niche. Many animals have suffered from various pathologies such as intervertebral disc disease that subjects animals to paralysis of the limbs or even leading them to sacrifice. The spine is responsible for the entire functional structure of the body, it assists in balance and upright posture, as it is also one of the most complex segments of the body. Seeking studies on existing treatments and surgical procedures that are applied in the humanities, developing a project in this area of veterinary medicine would be a way to provide domestic animals with comfort and a better living condition. The objective of this thesis is to make a deeper study on the anatomy of the human and animal spine, to understand how the movements of the vertebrae work, to understand how they are classified and how it performs its function in the human and animal body. Also research what types of pathologies lead vertebral discs to wear out and what types of solutions currently exist to assist in arthrodesis. As a method, Reverse Engineering technologies were used, which through a tomographic examination, managed to extract a virtual three-dimensional biomodel of a patient's spine and the Additive Manufacturing technology, made it possible to print the physical biomodels, samples and specimens for studies and tests. physicists. The result was the creation of a total intervertebral disc replacement prosthesis for domestic animals using the 3D printer, allowing the decompression between the adjacent vertebrae and thus maintaining the necessary articulations that an intervertebral disc exerts, knowing that the result of rejection of polymers in the animal body, did not show inflammation or any other type of pathology, but positive results such as tissue growth in the samples. This work concludes that it is possible to develop several other works in the area of veterinary medicine using the 3D printer. It opens new doors for other research and its various applicability using this additive manufacturing technique.
Currently, the population of dogs, cats, birds and other pets has increased considerably in Brazil. According to the Brazilian Association of the Pet Products Industry, Brazil has the second largest population of dogs in addition to being the third largest country in the world in population of pets. In view of this great demand, the economy in the domestic animals sector represents 0.36% of the Brazilian GDP, ahead of sectors such as industrial automation and domestic utilities. In this way, it is important to pay more attention and studies in the development of products to serve this market niche. Many animals have suffered from various pathologies such as intervertebral disc disease that subjects animals to paralysis of the limbs or even leading them to sacrifice. The spine is responsible for the entire functional structure of the body, it assists in balance and upright posture, as it is also one of the most complex segments of the body. Seeking studies on existing treatments and surgical procedures that are applied in the humanities, developing a project in this area of veterinary medicine would be a way to provide domestic animals with comfort and a better living condition. The objective of this thesis is to make a deeper study on the anatomy of the human and animal spine, to understand how the movements of the vertebrae work, to understand how they are classified and how it performs its function in the human and animal body. Also research what types of pathologies lead vertebral discs to wear out and what types of solutions currently exist to assist in arthrodesis. As a method, Reverse Engineering technologies were used, which through a tomographic examination, managed to extract a virtual three-dimensional biomodel of a patient's spine and the Additive Manufacturing technology, made it possible to print the physical biomodels, samples and specimens for studies and tests. physicists. The result was the creation of a total intervertebral disc replacement prosthesis for domestic animals using the 3D printer, allowing the decompression between the adjacent vertebrae and thus maintaining the necessary articulations that an intervertebral disc exerts, knowing that the result of rejection of polymers in the animal body, did not show inflammation or any other type of pathology, but positive results such as tissue growth in the samples. This work concludes that it is possible to develop several other works in the area of veterinary medicine using the 3D printer. It opens new doors for other research and its various applicability using this additive manufacturing technique.
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Palavras-chave
Animais Domésticos, Doença de disco intervertebral, Artrodese, Pet, Prótese de disco, Domestic animals, Intervertebral disc disease, Arthrodesis, Disc prosthesis