Desenvolvimento de metodologias verdes na investigação química de resíduos de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) e de seus produtos derivados
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Data
2023-02-28
Autores
Bragagnolo, Felipe Sanchez [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Anualmente quantidades expressivas de subprodutos agrícolas são produzidas, os quais contêm diversos compostos bioativos. No caso da soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), estima-se que cerca de 651 milhões de toneladas de galhos, folhas, vagens e raízes serão deixados no solo após a colheita do grão em 2022/23. Esses subprodutos podem servir como uma fonte amplamente disponível e de baixo custo de metabólitos de alto valor agregado, como flavonoides, isoflavonoides e outros metabólitos. Os objetivos deste trabalho foram realizar a i) revisão acerca dos metabólitos presentes nas partes subutilizadas da soja (i.e., galhos, folhas, vagens e raízes), ii) extração, separação e identificação de uma ampla gama de metabólitos especializados presentes nos subprodutos agrícolas da soja deixados no solo pós-colheita do grão, e iii) geração de extratos contendo alto-conteúdo de compostos fenólicos por meio de solventes eutéticos naturais profundos (NADES) pressurizados (PLE). Por meio da revisão da literatura acerca da composição fitoquímica da soja pôde-se (i) identificar uma ampla gama e compostos bioativos, e subsequente, a análise metabolômica dos subprodutos da soja e (ii) demonstrar a presença de tais metabólitos em galos, folhas, vagens e raízes deixadas no solo após a colheita do grão. A combinação da PLE e NADES (iii) gerou extratos com alto conteúdo de compostos fenólicos, além de possibilitar uma nova abordagem para a extração da fração lipídica da soja. Adicionalmente, está sendo realizada a extração seletiva de genisteina e apigenina utilizando-se ferramentas in silico, Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) e Conductorlike Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS), e otimização por meio do planejamento experimental (DoE). Ao fim, propõe-se a agregação de valor aos subprodutos agrícolas da soja, demonstrando o potencial uso destes materiais como fonte de compostos bioativos.
Annually a significant amount of agricultural by-products are produced, in which contain various bioactive compounds. In the case of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and it is estimated that about 651 million tons of branches, leaves, pods and roots will be left in the soil after the grain harvest in 2022/23. These by-products can serve as a widely available, low-cost source of high-value-added metabolites such as flavonoids, isoflavones, and other metabolites. The objectives of this work were to perform i) a review of the metabolites present in the underutilized parts of soybean (i.e., branches, leaves, pods and roots), ii) extraction, separation and identification of a wide range of specialized metabolites present in soybean agricultural by-products left in the soil after harvest of soybeans, and iii) generation of extracts containing high content of phenolic compounds by means of deep natural eutectic solvents (NADES) pressurized (PLE). Through the review of the literature on the phytochemical composition of soybean it was possible to (i) identify a wide range of bioactive compounds, and subsequently, the metabolomic analysis of soybean by-products, and (ii) demonstrate the presence of such metabolites in branches, leaves, pods, and roots left in the soil. The combination of PLE and NADES (iii) generated extracts with high content of phenolic compounds, and additionally, enabled a new approach for the extraction of the lipid fraction from soybean. Additionally, selective extraction of genistein and apigenin is being performed using in silico tools, Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) and Conductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS), and optimization through experimental design (DoE). Finally, it is proposed to add value to the agricultural by-products of soybean, demonstrating the potential use of these materials as a source of bioactive compounds.
Annually a significant amount of agricultural by-products are produced, in which contain various bioactive compounds. In the case of soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.), and it is estimated that about 651 million tons of branches, leaves, pods and roots will be left in the soil after the grain harvest in 2022/23. These by-products can serve as a widely available, low-cost source of high-value-added metabolites such as flavonoids, isoflavones, and other metabolites. The objectives of this work were to perform i) a review of the metabolites present in the underutilized parts of soybean (i.e., branches, leaves, pods and roots), ii) extraction, separation and identification of a wide range of specialized metabolites present in soybean agricultural by-products left in the soil after harvest of soybeans, and iii) generation of extracts containing high content of phenolic compounds by means of deep natural eutectic solvents (NADES) pressurized (PLE). Through the review of the literature on the phytochemical composition of soybean it was possible to (i) identify a wide range of bioactive compounds, and subsequently, the metabolomic analysis of soybean by-products, and (ii) demonstrate the presence of such metabolites in branches, leaves, pods, and roots left in the soil. The combination of PLE and NADES (iii) generated extracts with high content of phenolic compounds, and additionally, enabled a new approach for the extraction of the lipid fraction from soybean. Additionally, selective extraction of genistein and apigenin is being performed using in silico tools, Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) and Conductor-like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS), and optimization through experimental design (DoE). Finally, it is proposed to add value to the agricultural by-products of soybean, demonstrating the potential use of these materials as a source of bioactive compounds.
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Palavras-chave
Subprodutos agrícolas, Química verde, Compostos bioativos, Biorefinaria, Soja