Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária

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A- and B-modes echobiometry in cataractous and noncataractous eyes of English Cocker Spaniel dogs
(Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Escola de Veterinária, 2010-10-01) Silva, M.L. [UNESP]; Martins, B.C. [UNESP]; Ribeiro, A.P. [UNESP]; Souza, A.L. Groszewicz de [UNESP]; Laus, J.L. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Avaliaram-se as alterações na dimensão de estruturas do bulbo do olho de cães da raça Cocker Spaniel Inglês, machos e fêmeas, com ou sem catarata não diabética. Dezesseis animais com catarata (n = 32 olhos) com idade acima de oito anos e um grupo-controle, composto por sete cães, com idades também acima de oito anos, sem catarata (n = 14 olhos) compuseram a pesquisa. Realizou-se ultrassonografia transcorneana nos modos A e B com transdutor de 10MHz. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e ao teste Tukey para comparação de médias. O comprimento axial do bulbo do olho dos animais com catarata e dos animais do grupo-controle foram, respectivamente, 19,909±1,103mm e 19,958±1,050mm. Para a câmara anterior, encontraram-se 3,041±0,828mm; 3,373±1,040mm, respectivamente. Para o diâmetro lenticular, os valores foram 6,817±1,117mm e 7,062±0,477mm, respectivamente, e para o segmento posterior, 10,056±0,754mm e 9,523±0,705mm, respectivamente. Não se encontraram diferenças significativas entre olhos com catarata e do grupo-controle, tampouco entre machos e fêmeas com e sem catarata, nem entre olhos direitos e esquerdos (P>0,05).
Absence of significant adverse events following thalidomide administration in bitches diagnosed with mammary gland carcinomas
(2016-11-19) De Campos, C. B. [UNESP]; Lavalle, G. E.; Fialho Ligório, S.; Camargo Nunes, F.; Carneiro, R. A.; Amorim, R. L. [UNESP]; Cassali, G. D.; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Fundação Ezequiel Dias
The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence of adverse events (AEs) in female dogs diagnosed with advanced clinical stage mammary gland neoplasms following treatment with thalidomide. A prospective analysis of 29 female dogs treated with a high dose (HD) of 20 mg/kg/day of thalidomide for three months followed by a low dose (LD) of 10 mg/kg/day of thalidomide for three months was performed. All patients underwent physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry profile, thoracic radiographs, and abdominal ultrasound analysis before the treatment and after the HD and LD. Clinical AEs were absent in 16/29 (55.17 per cent) patients following HD. An initial 3-5 day period of somnolence was described in 4/29 (13.79 per cent), prolonged somnolence in 5/29 (17.24 per cent), a short period of somnolence lasting only a few hours in 3/29 (10.34 per cent), and difficulty to rouse was described in 5/29 (17.24 per cent) cases. Two patients (6.89 per cent) presented with prolonged somnolence that interfered with activities of daily living, resulting in anticipation of the dose reduction to the proposed LD after 15 days of the HD treatment. Following dose reduction, AE improvement was observed in all patients. Albeit remaining within the reference ranges, erythrocytes, haematocrit, total leucocyte count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and yγ-glutamyltranspeptidase showed significant alteration associated to thalidomide treatment.
Accuracy in Determining Canal Flare Index Using Different Radiographical Positions for Imaging Canine Femurs
(Georg Thieme Verlag Kg, 2019-05-01) Andrade, Caroline R. de [UNESP]; Minto, Bruno W. [UNESP]; Dreibi, Rafael M. [UNESP]; Diogo, Lucia M. [UNESP]; Kawamoto, Fernando Y. K. [UNESP]; Franco, Guilherme G. [UNESP]; Uscategui, Ricardo A. R. [UNESP]; Dias, Luis G. G. G. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Objective The aim of this study was to compare in vitro accuracy of femoral measurements obtained from different radiographical positions with actual femoral anatomical dimensions in dogs. Materials and Methods Craniocaudal projections of the femur in ventrodorsal position, standard craniocaudal radiographical (SR) and craniocaudal radiography with horizontal radiographical beam (HR), in addition to anatomical macroscopic measurements (A), were obtained from 45 femurs from 23 canine cadavers, for calculation of the canal flare index (CFI). The differences between the radiographical positions and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) between the CFI-SR, CFI-HR and CFI-A were evaluated by the Bland-Altman method. Results The standard craniocaudal radiograph provided an approximate dimension of the proximal femoral morphology (mean difference: 0.1210.391) with a different CFI value (p = 0.0341) from CFI-A. The craniocaudal radiograph taken using a horizontal beam provided greater accuracy (mean difference: 0.087 +/- 0.42) in our study. Clinical Significance The craniocaudal projection using a horizontal radiographical beam was more accurate than the standard craniocaudal projection for measurement of the true anatomical dimensions of the canine femur, minimizing the influence of the technique on the CFI values.
Accuracy of ARFI elastography in the differentiation of cataract stages in dogs
(2021-01-01) Abreu, Thais G.M. [UNESP]; Maronezi, Marjury C. [UNESP]; Uscategui, Ricardo A.R.; Rocha, Fabiana L. [UNESP]; Pádua, Ivan R.M. [UNESP]; Madruga, Gabriela M. [UNESP]; Laus, José L. [UNESP]; Feliciano, Marcus A.R. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV); Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)
Objective was to evaluate the accuracy of elastography in the differentiation between normal and cataract lenses One hundred forty-five eyes of 98 dogs were divided into groups according to cataract stage. Forty-Twoeyes were submitted to phacoemulsification. Biometric parameters, echogenicity and echotexture patterns of the anterior, posterior and vitreous chambers, lens and retina-choroid-sclera complexes were evaluated by ocular ultrasound in modes A and B. Deformability, and color (blue color = indicated less rigid structures, color red = more rigid structures) of the lenses were evaluated by the elastogram. The shear wave velocity (SWV; m/s) was calculated in three regions of the lens, both in the cortex and in the nucleus. The SWV of nucleus was statistically different between the normal lenses and with cataracts, and between the stages of cataract (P 0.001). Healthy lenses and incipient cataracts had a more rigid nucleus. Mature cataracts presented lowest nuclear rigidity (P 0.001). On cortical region the SWV was significantly higher (P 0.01) in intumescent and incipient cataracts. SWV less than 2.67m/s indicates cataract with a sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 94%. Values lower than 2.23m/s suggest mature cataract, with sensitivity of 71% and specificity of 76%. SWV greater than 2.66 m/s are associated with normal lenses or incipient cataract, presenting sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 84%. Qualitative method allowed differentiation between healthy and affected lenses and the classification of evolutionary stages. There was a correlation between the degree of stiffness of lens in cortical and nuclear regions (p=00165, r=0.37) and between the balanced saline solution quantitative and surgical time (P 0.01, r=0.73). Degree of stiffness of lens did not correlate with parameters of phacoemulsification. Elastographic proved feasible for evaluating the lens of dogs, characterizing the types of cataracts, and demonstrating increased stiffness of the diseased lenses.
Acid base balance in quarter horses performing three barrel racing
(2013-01-01) Da Silva, Marco Augusto Giannoccaro; Gomide, Lina Maria Wehrle; Dias, Deborah Penteado Martins; Martins, Carla Braga; Albernaz, Raquel Mincarelli; Bernardi, Nara Saraiva; De Queiroz Neto, Antonio; De Lacerda Neto, José Corrêa; Universidade Federal Do Tocantins (UFT); Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV); Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES); FCAV
High intensity exercise, as performed during the Three Barrel Racing (3BR), demands great energy production in a very short period of time. This request is feasible via anaerobic metabolism activation. The anaerobic metabolism generates lactate and hydrogen prótons (H+) within the muscle fibers, which are spread through the circulation determining metabolic acidosis. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate possible changes in acid-base balance in Quarter Horses performing 3BR. Eight adult horses performing one 3BR were evaluated. Venous blood samples were obtained at rest before the race (baseline), and immediately after the end of 3BR. Lactate concentration, pH, bicarbonate ions concentration [HCO3 -] and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PvCO2) were assessed. The obtained values were analyzed by t-Student test (P<0.05). Immediately after the race, blood lactate was markedly increased, and pH and [HCO3 -] decreased. No differences were detected on PvCO 2 values. The acid-base balance components analyzed in the present study indicate that Quarter Horses performing 3BR develop metabolic acidosis, even with the very short period of exercise. These findings highlight the significance of clinical follow-up after competition, aiming to evaluate the need of therapeutic intervention to correct the metabolic imbalance.
Acid-base and hidroelectrolytic balance in horses undergoing FEI* endurance ride simulation
(2018-03-01) Bernardi, N. S. [UNESP]; Gomide, L. M.W. [UNESP]; Antunes, A. D. [UNESP]; Gravena, K. [UNESP]; Dias, D. P.M. [UNESP]; Queiroz, D. J. [UNESP]; Canello, V. A. [UNESP]; Silva, A. M.G.B. [UNESP]; Brandi, R. A.; Lacerda-Neto, J. C. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Endurance is an equestrian modality that demands high requirement of organic systems in order to maintain organism's homeostasis. This study aimed to evaluate hydroelectrolyte and acid-base balance during an endurance test performed by FEI* horses. Nine horses were subjected to three months of training and, at the end, performed a test similar to the official competitions of equestrian endurance, with 80 km of distance, divided into four stages. Clinical and blood samples were taken for analysis of lactate concentration and blood gas parameters before the start of the test, immediately after the arrival of each phase and, after 15, 30 minutes, 1, 4, 6 and 12 hours after the end of the race. Only five animals completed the race and the data from these animals were used for statistical analysis. There was predominance of aerobic metabolism and the horses showed a good recovery rate. The electrolytes chloride, sodium, potassium and calcium had their concentration decreased while bicarbonate increased with the course of the exercise. There was an increase in pH due to the development of mixed alkalosis, characterized by hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis and respiratory alkalosis. Good performance of the animals was attributed to sufficient metabolic adaptation induced by training.
Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography of testicular disorders in dogs: Preliminary results
(2016-01-01) Feliciano, M. A.R. [UNESP]; Maronezi, M. C. [UNESP]; Simões, A. P.R. [UNESP]; Maciel, G. S. [UNESP]; Pavan, L. [UNESP]; Gasser, B. [UNESP]; Silva, P. [UNESP]; Uscategui, R. R. [UNESP]; Carvalho, C. F.; Canola, J. C. [UNESP]; Vicente, W. R.R. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
The aim of this study was to describe the use of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in the evaluation of testicular disorders in dogs. Eighteen dogs with testicular disorders (thirty-six testicles) were assessed. Echotexture, size, contours and margins of testes were analysed by ultrasonography. Deformities and tissue stiffness (greyscale and homogenous or heterogeneous) were evaluated by qualitative elastography and shear velocity was determined quantitatively. Subsequent to orchiectomy, testicular samples were collected for histopathology analysis and thirty-six disorders were identified. Qualitative elastography revealed that normal healthy testicular tissues were homogenous and not pliable while the affected testicles had alterations in tissue stiffness and homogeneity. The values obtained for quantitative elastography of the testicular tissues were: normal/healthy - 1.30±0.12 m/s; degenerated - 0.97±0.08 m/s; atrophied - 2.00±0.35 m/s; hypoplastic - 0.82±0.2 m/s; cystic - 1.32±0.18 m/s; orchitis - 2.68±0.42 m/s; interstitial cell tumours - 3.32±0.65 m/s; sertolioma - 2.99±0.07 m/s and leydigoma - 2.73±0.37. ARFI elastography of abnormal testes proved to be an applicable and complementary technique in the diagnosis of testicular disease in dogs.
Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography of the spleen in healthy adult cats - a preliminary study
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015-03-01) Feliciano, M. A. R. [UNESP]; Maronezi, M. C. [UNESP]; Crivellenti, L. Z. [UNESP]; Crivellenti, S. B. [UNESP]; Simoes, A. P. R. [UNESP]; Brito, M. B. S. [UNESP]; Garcia, P. H. S. [UNESP]; Vicente, W. R. R. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Objectives: To evaluate the splenic stiffness of healthy adult cats using acoustic radiation force impulse elastography to determine the quality (greyscale images and tissue deformity) and quantity (shear velocity) standards. Methods: Fifteen healthy, adult shorthair cats were selected. The echotexture, echogenicity, size and edges of the spleen were assessed via mode-B ultrasound. Using qualitative elastography, specific portions of the spleen were evaluated according to homogeneity, presence of deformities and white and dark regions. The shear velocities in different portions of the spleen were quantitatively evaluated. Results: The echotexture, echogenicity, size and edges of the spleen were normal on B-mode ultrasound in all cats. On qualitative elastography, the evaluated splenic portions were not deformable, and the images presented as homogeneous dark areas. On quantitative elastography, the mean shear velocity values were 198m/s for the head portion, 177m/s for the body portion and 203m/s for the tail portion. These were not significantly different. Clinical significance: Quantitative and qualitative acoustic radiation force impulse elastography of the spleen in healthy adult cats was easily implemented and this study may provide baseline data for this organ to allow the future use of this technique in evaluating cats with splenic disease.
Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography of prostate and testes of healthy dogs: preliminary results
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2015-05-01) Feliciano, M. A. R. [UNESP]; Maronezi, M. C. [UNESP]; Simoes, A. P. R. [UNESP]; Uscategui, R. R. [UNESP]; Maciel, G. S. [UNESP]; Carvalho, C. F.; Canola, J. C. [UNESP]; Vicente, W. R. R. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Objectives: To describe the use of acoustic radiation force impulse elastography to evaluate the prostate and testes in healthy dogs and establish reference values for these organs. Methods: Thirty dogs were divided into three groups according to their age: juvenile, adult and senior. Echotexture, size, contours and margins of prostate and testes were assessed via ultrasound. The presence of deformities and tissue stiffness (greyscale and homogeneous or heterogeneous) were evaluated by qualitative acoustic radiation force impulse. The shear velocity was evaluated quantitatively. Results: The B mode findings were normal. The qualitative elastography demonstrated that the testes and prostate tissues were hard, homogeneous and not pliable. The shear velocity values were: left testes - juveniles: 128 m/s, adults: 123 m/s and seniors: 123 m/s; right testes - juveniles: 128 m/s, adults: 128 m/s and seniors: 128 m/s; left prostatic lobe - juveniles: 174 m/s, adults: 203 m/s and seniors: 182 m/s; right prostatic lobe - juvenile: 162 m/s, adults: 187 m/s and seniors: 190 m/s with no significant differences between groups.Clinical significance: Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography of the testes and prostate in dogs was easily implemented. This study provides baseline data for these organs.
Acoustic radiation force impulse elastography of the eyes of brachycephalic dogs
(Arquivo Brasileiro Medicina Veterinaria Zootecnia, 2018-07-01) Abreu, T. G. M. [UNESP]; Feliciano, M. A. R. [UNESP]; Renzo, R. [UNESP]; Kobashigawa, K. K. [UNESP]; Chacaltana, F. D. Y. C. [UNESP]; Crivelaro, R. M. [UNESP]; Silveira, C. P. B. [UNESP]; Cruz, N. R. N. [UNESP]; Aldrovani, M. [UNESP]; Maronezi, M. C. [UNESP]; Silva, P. A. [UNESP]; Thiesen, R.; Laus, J. L. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Univ Fed Reconcavo Bahia; Univ Fed Pampa
Eyes from brachycephalic dogs were studied by acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography to establish quantitative and qualitative reference values related to the shape and rigidity of some ocular structures. Eighty-four eyes from 42 adult brachycephalic dogs were included in this study. Animals were subjected to physical, laboratory, and ophthalmic examinations. Following confirmation of good health, the dogs were subjected to ultrasonography and ARFI elastography, emphasizing the optic nerve, ciliary body, and lens. On qualitative elastography, homogeneous characteristics were observed on the ciliary body and optic nerve. Aqueous and vitreous humors were visualized as mosaic-like images. Quantitative elastography showed the mean optic nerve shear wave velocity (SWV) was 1.01 +/- 0.27m/s, temporal ciliary body was 0.91 +/- 0.24m/s, and nasal ciliary body was 0.91 +/- 0.3m/s. The SWV of the lens values were out of range, this value was not detectable by this software. Elastography has proved to be a non-invasive procedure and feasible in dogs. The establishmentof the parameters of degree of rigidity of ocular structures will serve as a baseline for animals with eye disorders. Results may be extrapolated to primary research on the applicability of ARFI in the evaluation of ocular bulb in humans.
Active fractions of mannoproteins derived from yeast cell wall stimulate innate and acquired immunity of adult and elderly dogs
(Elsevier B.V., 2020-03-01) Kroll, F. S. A. [UNESP]; Putarov, T. C. [UNESP]; Zaine, L. [UNESP]; Venturini, K. S. [UNESP]; Aoki, C. G. [UNESP]; Santos, J. P. F.; Pedrinelli, V; Vendramini, T. H. A.; Brunetto, M. A.; Carciofi, A. C. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
Nutritional intervention in older dogs aims to increase lifespan and improve life quality as well as delay the development of diseases related to ageing. It is believed that active fractions of mannoproteins (AFMs) obtained through extraction and fractionation of yeast cell walls (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) may beneficially modulate the immune system. However, studies that have evaluated this component and the effects of ageing on the immune system of dogs are scarce. This study aimed to evaluate the immunological effects of AFMs in adult and elderly dogs. Three extruded iso-nutrient experimental diets were formulated: without addition of AFM (T0); with AFM at 400 mg/kg (T400); and with AFM at 800 mg/kg (T800). Thirty-six beagle dogs were used, and six experimental treatments, resulting in combinations of age (adult and elderly) and diet (T0, T400, and T800), were evaluated. On days zero, 14, and 28, blood samples were obtained for leucocyte phenotyping and phagocytosis assays. On days zero and 28, a lymphoproliferation test, quantification of reactive oxygen (H2O2) and nitrogen (NO) intermediate production, evaluation of faecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) content, and a delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity test (DCHT) were performed. Statistical analyses were performed with SAS software. Repeated measure variance analyses were performed, and means were compared by the Tukey test. Values of P <= 0.05 were considered significant, and values of P <= 0.10 were considered tendencies. Dogs fed T400 tended to have higher neutrophilic phagocytic activity than dogs fed T800 (P = 0.073). Regarding reactive oxygen intermediates, bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated neutrophils from animals that were fed T400 had a tendency to produce more H2O2 than those from animals fed the control diet (P = 0.093). Elderly dogs, when compared to adult dogs, had lower absolute T and B lymphocyte counts, lower auxiliary T lymphocyte counts, and higher cytotoxic T lymphocyte counts (P < 0.05). A significant effect of diet, age, and time with saline inoculation was noted for the DCHT. There was no effect of diet or age on faecal IgA content in dogs. This study suggests beneficial effects of mannoproteins on the specific and nonspecific immune responses in adult and elderly dogs.
Acute phase protein profile in agoutis (Dasyprocta azarae; Lichtenstein, 1823) in captivity, determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrilamyde gel electrophoresis
(2013-09-01) Schmidt, Elizabeth Moreira dos Santos [UNESP]; Lange, Rogério Ribas; Fruhvald, Érika [UNESP]; do Santos, Ivan Felismino Charas [UNESP]; Fagliari, José Jurandir [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Federal University of Paraná State
The acute phase response refers to a nonspecific and complex systemic reaction of the organism that occurs shortly after any tissue injury. The acute phase response is considered a part of the innate host defense system, which is responsible for the survival of the host during the critical early stages of attack, and in evolutionary terms, it precedes the acquired immune response. The purpose of this study was to determine serum protein concentrations, including the acute phase protein profile in agoutis (Dasyprocta azarae) in captivity, by means of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Blood samples from 11 adult healthy animals (nine females and two males) were obtained. The serum proteinogram had 21 proteins with molecular weights ranging from 15 to 240 kD. The acute phase proteins identified were: ceruloplasmin, transferrin, albumin, haptoglobin, α-1-acid glycoprotein, and hemoglobin. IgA, IgG heavy and light chains, and nonnominal identified proteins of 240, 210, 140, 98, 78, 48, 35, 31, 23, and 15 kD were also identified. The determination of the acute phase protein concentrations is a useful method for the early detection of subclinical disease or changes in the healthy animal, with predictive information on the development of disease in the future. It is possible to standardize the reference values of the serum protein profile of agoutis, which can be used for diagnosis and prognosis, treatment and clinical follow-up of nutritional disorders, and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases that may affect these animals. © 2012 Springer-Verlag London Limited.
Acute phase proteins in canine lymphoma during antineoplastic chemotherapy
(2010-11-01) Vieira, Manuela C. [UNESP]; Coleta, Flávia E. D. [UNESP]; Godoy, Aline V. [UNESP]; Sobreira, Márcia F. R.; Galvão, André L. B. [UNESP]; Borin, Sofia [UNESP]; Crivelenti, Leandro Z. [UNESP]; Anai, Letícia A. [UNESP]; Nogueira, Andressa F. S. [UNESP]; Santana, Aureo E. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Centro Universitário Moura Lacerda
The lymphoma is the main hematopoietic tumor in dogs and it is characterized by the proliferation of cells from lymphoid tissue, histiocytes and its precursors. Animals with lymphoma often show changes in biochemical and hematological parameters such as non-regenerative normochromic normocytic anemia, hemolytic anemia, hypocalcaemia and monoclonal gammopathy. The development of tumor can cause alterations in serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs), consequent of hepatocytes stimulus by cytokines of inflammatory action. This study aimed to quantify and qualify APPs in dogs with lymphoma, at diagnosis time and during the time of chemotherapy sessions. After syneresis, centrifugation and fractioning the serum samples of 10 healthy and 10 dogs with lymphomas, the proteins fractions were separated by polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and its concentrations were determined by computer densitometry. Between 18 and 30 proteins were separated by eletrophoresis, with molecular weights ranging from 18 to 245 kDa (kilodaltons). The alpha-1-glicoprotein acid (AGP) and transferrin serum concentration showed significantly higher in dogs with lymphoma, when compared with healthy dogs at diagnosis. The alpha-1-antitripsin (AAT) serum concentrations showed significantly higher in healthy dogs, when compared with dogs with lymphoma at diagnosis. The dogs with lymphoma the albumin did not appear as negative APP. On the other hand, transferrin appeared as positive AAP at diagnosis time and during the chemotherapy sessions. Healthy dogs had AAT serum concentrations significantly higher when compared to dogs with lymphoma at diagnosis. So, in this trial, it is suggested that this protein has been shown as a negative APP in the dogs with lymphoma. These dogs presented significantly higher AGP serum concentrations, in relation to healthy dogs at diagnosis, evidencing this protein APP positive behavior in neoplasm.
Acute phase proteins levels in horses, after a single carbohydrate overload, associated with cecal alkalinization
(2023-02-02) Peixoto Rabelo, Isabela [UNESP]; Barroco de Paula, Vanessa [UNESP]; Carvalho Bustamante, Caio [UNESP]; Santana, André Marcos; Gomes da Silva, Daniela [UNESP]; Baldassi, Amanda Cristina [UNESP]; Canola, Paulo Aléscio [UNESP]; Araújo Valadão, Carlos Augusto [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Maringá State University
Introduction: Horses submitted to carbohydrate overload can develop laminitis due to changes in cecal pH and microbiota, followed by an increase in transmural absorption of luminal content, including bacterial toxins. In response to acute injury there is hepatic overproduction of several proteins known as acute phase proteins (APP). Few studies have evaluated protein fractionation to characterize the inflammatory response in acute laminitis. The aim of this study was to test the viability of an experimental model to induce acute laminitis, using a single carbohydrate overload, and the influence of a buffering solution on the development of the disease; also, study the kinetics of APP during acute laminitis, as well as the correlation between these proteins and clinical signs associated to this syndrome. Methods: Ten healthy horses were divided in a factorial and randomized way into four groups (n = 5): control group (CG), starch group (SG), buffer group (BG), and starch C buffer group (SBG). They were evaluated at seven times (T0h, T4h, T8h, T12h, T24h, T48h, and T72h), which included clinical evaluation and blood sample collection. Total serum protein and albumin concentrations were determined by colorimetry and the other APP by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis containing sodium dodecyl sulfate and commercial ELISA kits. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). The correlation between clinical signs and APP were verified using the Pearson's correlation coefficient. Results and discussion: 40% of the animals from SG and 60% from SBG developed clinical laminitis. A single administration of buffer solution was not able to prevent clinical signs of laminitis. There was no difference between groups on total serum protein, albumin, serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein concentrations (p > 0.05). Transferrin, considered a negative APP, showed a positive response pattern in SG and SBG. Ceruloplasmin had a positive correlation with Obel grade, heart rate on animals from SGB and number of steps on horses submitted to starch overload (SG and SBG). Ceruloplasmin, α-1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin concentrations increased in SBG, suggesting an inflammatory response in animals of this group. Changes in clinical parameters were also more evident in the SBG, corroborating the protein fractionation findings.
Acute phase proteins: a potential approach for diagnosing chronic infection by Trypanosoma vivax
(Colégio Brasileiro de Parasitologia Veterinária, 2012-06-01) Almeida, Katyane de Sousa; Costa, Alinny Ferreira; Silva, Paulo Cesar da [UNESP]; Fagliari, José Jurandir [UNESP]; Machado, Rosangela Zacarias [UNESP]; Nascimento, Adjair Antônio do [UNESP]; Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT); Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar possíveis alterações nas proteínas de fase aguda em ovinos infectados experimentalmente com Trypanosoma vivax. Para tanto, foram utilizados oito ovinos machos, sendo quatro usados como controle e quatro infectados com 10(5) tripomastigotas de T. vivax. Colheram-se amostras de sangue em dois tempos antes da infecção e, posteriormente, aos 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 20, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias após a infecção (dpi); após centrifugação e aliquotização das amostras. As proteínas de fase aguda foram separadas por eletroforese em gel de acrilamida, contendo dodecil sulfato de sódio, e suas concentrações foram determinadas através de densitometria computadorizada. A dosagem de proteína total foi realizada pelo método colorimétrico do biureto. A contagem dos tripanossomas foi realizada diariamente, utilizando-se uma alíquota de 5 µL de sangue disperso em lâmina de microscopia, sob lamínula de 22 × 22 mm, contando-se os parasitos em 100 campos microscópicos, com objetiva de 40×, multiplicados pelo fator de correção do microscópio, e o resultado expresso em parasitos por mL de sangue. Para a análise estatística, empregou-se o teste de Wilcoxon a 5% de probabilidade. Foi observada a diminuição de diversas proteínas de fase aguda e aumento de antitripsina e transferrina que podem ser utilizadas para auxiliar no diagnóstico da infecção por T. vivax, principalmente na fase crônica da infecção.
Acute phase response in buffalo calves experimentally infected with Salmonella typhimurium
(Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2016-01-01) Clemente, V. [UNESP]; Santana, A. M. [UNESP]; Silva, D. G. [UNESP]; Silveira, C. R. A. [UNESP]; Pizauro, L. J. L. [UNESP]; Clemente, Z.; Fagliari, J. J. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes that occur in the acute phase response (APR) of experimentally-induced salmonellosis in buffalo calves and to identify potential indicators of infection. Five buffalo calves received 109 colonyforming units of Salmonella typhimurium, orally. Another five animals were used as control group. Clinical examinations were performed and venous blood was sampled before and throughout 7 days after inoculation. Red blood cell count (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), plasma fibrinogen, serum haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, transferrin and iron were measured. Severe diarrhea started 72-108 h after inoculation, in all animals. The infectious stimulus induced severe APR, characterized by pyrexia, lymphopenia (4.99±1.73x109 cells/L), increase in fibrinogen (24.7±4.91 μmol/L), haptoglobin (21.5±8.65 μmol/L) and ceruloplasmin (1370±374 mg/L), decreased transferrin concentration (3.90±0.69 g/L) and hypoferremia (15.2±11.2 μmol/L). These changes coincided with the onset of clinical signs. Alterations of lower intensity occurred in erythrogram. Based on the magnitude and duration of changes, it is suggested that the combined measurement of serum levels of iron and haptoglobin is a useful tool for identifying newborn buffaloes recently affected by bacterial disease and for monitoring the effectiveness of its treatment.
Acute-phase protein behavior in dairy cattle herd naturally infected with Trypanosoma vivax
(Elsevier B. V., 2015) Sampaio, Paulo Henrique [UNESP]; Fidelis Junior, Otavio Luiz [UNESP]; Marques, Luiz Carlos [UNESP]; Machado, Rosangela Zacarias [UNESP]; Barnabé, Patrícia de Athayde; André, Marcos Rogério [UNESP]; Balbuena, Tiago Santana [UNESP]; Cadioli, Fabiano Antonio [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Fundação Educacional de Andradina
Trypanosoma vivax is a hemoprotozoon that causes disease in cattle and is difficult to diagnose. The host-parasite relationship in cattle that are infected by T. vivax has only been poorly studied. In the present study, a total of 429 serum proteinograms were produced from naturally infected animals (NIF) and were compared with 50 samples from control animals (C). The total protein, IgA band, complement C3 β chain band, albumin band, antitrypsin band, IgG band, haptoglobin band, complement C3c α chain band and protein HP-20 band presented higher levels in the serum proteinograms of the NIF group. Inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4, α2-macroglobulin, complement C6, ceruloplasmin, transferrin band and apolipoprotein A1 band presented lower levels in this group. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) in acid glycoprotein serum concentration between the NIF and C groups. Acute phase proteins may be useful for understanding the host-parasite relationship, since the antitrypsin band was only present in the NIF group. This can be used as an indicator for infection in cattle that are naturally infected by T. vivax.
Acute-phase proteins during inflammatory reaction by bacterial infection: Fish-model
(2019-12-01) Charlie-Silva, Ives [UNESP]; Klein, Andre; Gomes, Juliana M. M.; Prado, Ed J. R. [UNESP]; Moraes, Alessandra C. [UNESP]; Eto, Silas F. [UNESP]; Fernandes, Dayanne C. [UNESP]; Fagliari, José J. [UNESP]; Junior, José D. Corrêa; Lima, Carla; Lopes-Ferreira, Mônica; Conceição, Katia; Manrique, Wilson G.; Belo, Marco A. A. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG); Butantan Institute; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Federal University of Rondonia; Brasil University
Acute-phase protein (APPs) serum levels have been studied in many human diseases, and their components contribute to host defense during the evolution of infectious diseases by acting as part of the innate immune system. Based on the importance of establishing new experimental models, the present investigation evaluated the modulation of APPs following inflammatory stimulus by the inoculation of Aeromonas hydrophila in tilapias. Fish were sampled 6 and 24 hours post-infection. Tilapias presented increase of positive APPs such as ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, alpha-2-macroglobulin and complement C3, as well as decrease of negative APPs such as albumin and transferrin. The protein response of tilapias during the course of bacterial infection showed correlation with the kinetics of cellular accumulation in the inflamed focus with significant increase of granulocytes, thrombocytes, lymphocytes and macrophages. However, granulocytes were the predominant cells, associated with increment in the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Showing responses similar to those observed in humans, the modulation of APPs and the kinetics of cellular accumulation in the exudate demonstrate the feasibility of this alternative experimental model for advances and studies to understand changes in pathophysiological mechanisms of acute inflammatory reaction due to bacterial infection.
Adaptation of the parallel and bisecting-angle dental radiographic technic using han shin positioner in felines
(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Inc, 2010-03-01) Nepomuceno, A. C. [UNESP]; Canola, J. C. [UNESP]; Leite, C. A. L. [UNESP]; Silveira, T. [UNESP]; Salan, M. O. [UNESP]; Mesquita, L. R. [UNESP]; Melo, D. G. [UNESP]; Fernandes, A. L. C. M. [UNESP]; Silva, P. M. S. [UNESP]; Boreli, A. J. [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Adapted cavotomy technique for pheochromocytoma associated tumor thrombi in a dog
(2020-01-01) de Andrade, Caroline Ribeiro [UNESP]; Barboza, Wendell Monteiro; Silva Lessa, Diego Fernando; dos Santos Malta, Caio Afonso [UNESP]; Cabral, Rosa Maria; Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp); M.V. Autônomo; Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA)
Background: In dogs pheochromocytoma usually compress and invade into the adjacent vessels and structures, which may lead to the occurrence of caudal vena caval tumor thrombi. The surgical approach in these cases requires adrenalectomy with caval thrombectomy. Conventionally, tourniquets and partial occlusion clamp are used to reduce intraoperative blood loss, but in dogs with a large thrombus associated to a great local tumor invasion, the traditional technique may be hindered. The aim of this study was to report the use of a purse-string suture during venotomy of the caudal vena cava for thrombectomy, as an alternative to tourniquet and partial occlusion clamp. Case: An 11-year-old male Daschound breed dog, was referred for evaluation because of the appearance of small blackened nodules in the ventral abdomen. During a search for metastatic lesions with abdominal ultrasound, the right adrenal was identified with significant volume increase, and presence of tumor-associate circular formation that appeared to invade the caudal vena cava, suggestive of neoplastic invasion or thrombus. Abdominal computed tomography showed caudal vena cava in its hepatic portion presenting considerable increase in diameter, with caudal dilation and presence of hypoattenuating material in its lumen. Right adrenal gland with rounded appearance and regular borders, heterogeneous parenchyma and juxtaposed caudal vena cava suggesting invasion of this, confirming the sonographic findings. During exploratory celiotomy, adherence of the adrenal mass to the right renal vessels and invasion of the caudal vena cava were observed, leading to the need of nephrectomy and venotomy for thrombectomy. To perform the venotomy, a Rumel tourniquet was placed loosely around the vena cava only caudal to the invasion point of the tumor thrombus, cranially, tourniquet application was not possible due to the presence of a large thrombus extending into the intrahepatic cava. Therefore, a purse-string suture was applied around the invasion point of the vena cava tumor thrombi. Thus, during the thrombectomy, while dissecting with the scalpel blade, the purse-string suture was gently tightened, minimizing hemorrhage and allowing the venotomy to close immediately after thrombi removal. Histopathological mass analysis allowed the diagnosis of malignant pheochromocytoma with intravascular extension of the tumor, and the patient remained without clinical changes for 18 months. Discussion: When caval invasion by the adrenal mass is present, the application of Rumel tourniquets around the vena cava cranial and caudal to the tumor thrombus invasion point is recommended to reduce intraoperative hemorrhage during thrombectomy. However, due to the presence of a large thrombus extending into the intrahepatic cava in the presente report, it was not possible to apply the cranial tourniquet, just the caudal one. Thus, the technique adapted using a purse-string suture during venotomy of the caudal vena cava for thrombectomy was extremely efficient in controlling hemorrhage, while allowing rapid venotomy closure without the need for partial occlusion vascular clamp, reducing the surgical time. A tumor thrombus in the vena cava associated with adrenal gland tumors are amenable to adrenalectomy and thrombectomy without significantly increasing perioperative morbidity and mortality rates, assuming the surgeon is experienced in appropriate techniques. Moreover, the presence of tumor invasion does not seem to be predictive of the outcome of the cases, in agreement with what happened in this case.

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