Potential of using propolis extracts with nanotechnology for organic agriculture

Currently, agriculture is facing many challenges involving climate change, biotic and abiotic stresses, and decreasing natural resources. Conventional agriculture after the Green Revolution had many side effects, such as environmental contamination and the destruction of several ecosystems. Organic and agroecological agriculture are current sustainable management methods for food production that respect the environment, do not use chemical fertilizers or pesticides, protect the ecosystem, and produce foods free from chemical residues. However, many challenges are faced by farmers to control pests and reduce biological stress. Natural compounds with biological activities are used for crop management. One product with application potential is bee propolis, which is composed of several compounds with antimicrobial and virucidal activity and antioxidant molecules and minerals that can be used to avoid plant stress and stimulate plant growth. Using nanocarrier systems is a great strategy for improving the physicochemical characteristics of propolis and its chemical stability, biological activity, and bioavailability of plants. Many systems can be developed without using organic solvents or surfactants. These systems might be used as novel natural nanopesticides or nanofertilizers for organic and agroecological agriculture, promoting sustainability and respecting the environment.