Alterações nos atributos químicos do solo e comportamento de cultivares de feijão em resposta à calagem superficial em sistema plantio direto
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Data
2005-03-02
Autores
Silva, Tiago Roque Benetoli da [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, pertencente à Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - UNESP, campus de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo, objetivando avaliar o comportamento de cultivares de feijão, quando semeados no período da seca, à aplicação superficial de doses de calcário, durante dois anos agrícolas, na implantação do sistema de plantio direto. O tipo de solo do local é LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distrófico com V = 41%. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram representadas por cultivares de feijão (C1 - Carioca; C2 - IAC Carioca Eté; C3 - Pérola; C4 - IAPAR 81 e C5 - Campeão 2) e as subparcelas formadas pelas doses de calcário dolomítico (D0 =zero - sem aplicação de calcário; D1 = 1,8 t ha-1 - quantidade de calcário para elevar a saturação por bases a 54%; D2 = 3,6 t ha-1 - quantidade de calcário para elevar a saturação por bases a 68% e D3 = 5,4 t ha-1 - quantidade de calcário para elevar a saturação por bases a 80%), totalizando 20 tratamentos. O experimento teve 80 subparcelas, espaçadas entre si em 1 metro. Cada subparcela foi formada por 10 linhas de seis metros de comprimento. Ao longo dos anos de experimentação utilizou-se a rotação milheto (primavera) - feijão (verão) - aveia preta (outono-inverno). A semeadura das cultivares de feijão foi em 19/12/02 e 17/12/03. Durante a condução do experimento realizou-se a análise dos atributos químicos do solo em diferentes profundidades, aos 6, 12, 18 e 24 meses após a aplicação superficial do calcário. Também foram avaliados para cultura do milheto (Cultivar BN-2) e da aveia preta (Cultivar Comum), a produção de matéria seca; para a cultura do feijão o florescimento pleno, matéria seca das plantas, ciclo...
The experimental work was carried out at Lageado farm, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (UNESP) Faculty of Agronomy unity located at Botucatu (22 0 52' 15'' S; 48 0 25' 20'' S), State of São Paulo, Brazil. The study aimed at defining soil attributes and common bean cultivars behavior when cropped during the dry season under a no-tillage system with surface liming. The experimental area was on a distrophic red oxisol with base saturation (V%) of 41%. Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete blocks arranged in split-plots with four replications. Plots consisted of cultivars Carioca; IAC Carioca Eté; Perola; IAPAR 81 and Campeão, and sub-plots of the following lime rates: D0 - 0 t ha-1; D1 - 1.8 t ha-1; D2 -3.6 t ha-1 and D3 - 5.4 t ha-1 which were calculated to rise V % to 54%, 68 % and 80%, respectively. The experiment consisted of 80 subplots and each one of ten 6m-long rows and 1m apart. Crop rotation comprised millet during spring, common beans during summer and black oats during autumn/winter seasons. Bean cultivars were seeded in December 19 and December 17 of 2002 and 2003 respectively, and 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after surface lime application, soil samples were taken for chemical analysis. Dry matter yields of millet and black oat were evaluated as a function of applied lime rates. Flowering (bloom), dry matter production, plant cycle, first pod insertion height, pod length, yield components, stand at harvesting, grain yield, grain crude protein, leaf and grain nutrient concentration and seed technological characteristics were evaluated for bean cultivars. It was observed an expressive grain yield increase in the second year of cultivation due to good climate conditions and a general improvement in soil chemical attributes. Surface lime application improved soil chemical attributes as pH, sum of bases and base saturation up to 10 cm-deep... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)
The experimental work was carried out at Lageado farm, Universidade do Estado de São Paulo (UNESP) Faculty of Agronomy unity located at Botucatu (22 0 52' 15'' S; 48 0 25' 20'' S), State of São Paulo, Brazil. The study aimed at defining soil attributes and common bean cultivars behavior when cropped during the dry season under a no-tillage system with surface liming. The experimental area was on a distrophic red oxisol with base saturation (V%) of 41%. Treatments were distributed in a randomized complete blocks arranged in split-plots with four replications. Plots consisted of cultivars Carioca; IAC Carioca Eté; Perola; IAPAR 81 and Campeão, and sub-plots of the following lime rates: D0 - 0 t ha-1; D1 - 1.8 t ha-1; D2 -3.6 t ha-1 and D3 - 5.4 t ha-1 which were calculated to rise V % to 54%, 68 % and 80%, respectively. The experiment consisted of 80 subplots and each one of ten 6m-long rows and 1m apart. Crop rotation comprised millet during spring, common beans during summer and black oats during autumn/winter seasons. Bean cultivars were seeded in December 19 and December 17 of 2002 and 2003 respectively, and 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after surface lime application, soil samples were taken for chemical analysis. Dry matter yields of millet and black oat were evaluated as a function of applied lime rates. Flowering (bloom), dry matter production, plant cycle, first pod insertion height, pod length, yield components, stand at harvesting, grain yield, grain crude protein, leaf and grain nutrient concentration and seed technological characteristics were evaluated for bean cultivars. It was observed an expressive grain yield increase in the second year of cultivation due to good climate conditions and a general improvement in soil chemical attributes. Surface lime application improved soil chemical attributes as pH, sum of bases and base saturation up to 10 cm-deep... (Complete abstract, click eletronic address below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Feijão comum, Feijão - Cultivo, Calagem dos solos, Plantio direto, Quimica do solo, Common bean
Como citar
SILVA, Tiago Roque Benetoli da. Alterações nos atributos químicos do solo e comportamento de cultivares de feijão em resposta à calagem superficial em sistema plantio direto. 2005. viii, 91 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2005.