Uso de plantas de cobertura na recuperação de solo compactado
Carregando...
Data
2007-06-15
Autores
Calonego, Juliano Carlos [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar as alterações na estrutura do solo e nas qualidades físicas e físico-hídricas com a utilização de espécies de cobertura com sistema radicular agressivo e volumoso, em esquemas de rotação de culturas em sistema semeadura direta, com o intuito de avaliar a possibilidade desse manejo ser indicado para substituir operações onerosas como a utilização de escarificadores mecânicos. As rotações de culturas utilizadas e repetidas por três anos consecutivos, em sistema semeadura direta, envolveram o cultivo de triticale e girassol no outono-inverno, associados com o cultivo de milheto, sorgo forrageiro e crotalária júncea, como plantas de cobertura, antecedendo a soja. Além disso, comparou-se o efeito dessas seqüências de culturas com o tratamento envolvendo a escarificação mecânica do solo. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental Lageado (Botucatu-SP), nos anos agrícolas de 2003/2004, 2004/2005 e 2005/2006. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Foram consideradas parcelas aquelas cultivadas com triticale e girassol, e subparcelas as cultivadas com milheto, sorgo e crotalária júncea, e também as manejadas com escarificador. A escarificação do solo foi realizada apenas em uma ocasião, ou seja, logo após a colheita das culturas de inverno do primeiro ano (Setembro de 2003), mantendo a área escarificada sempre em pousio entre os cultivos de inverno e verão. Foram coletadas amostras de raízes, tanto das espécies de cobertura como da soja, nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 e 40-60 cm. As raízes das plantas de cobertura foram amostradas antes da dessecação química. Já as raízes de soja foram amostradas na linha e na entrelinha de semeadura, quando a cultura apresentava-se no estádio R2 de desenvolvimento...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the alterations in soil structure and physical and physical-hydraulic properties with the use of different cover crop species with aggressive root system, in crop rotation under no-tillage, to evaluate the possibility of this management as an alternative to mechanical operations with chiseling, that are very expensive. The crop rotations used and replicated for three consecutive years, under no-tillage, had triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) and sunflower (Helianthus annus) as Autumn-Winter crops. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) were used in Spring, before the soybean. These management systems were compared with the mechanical chiseling. The research was carried out during three croping seasons (2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006), in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The experiment was a complete randomized block with subdivided plots and four replications. The plots consisted of triticale and sunflower crops. The subplots consisted of pearl millet, forage sorghum and sunn hemp, besides of the mechanical chiseling management. The chiseling was carried out only, after the harvest of the Autumn-Winter crops in the first year (September of 2003), keeping the chiseling area without crops between the Autumn-Winter crops and the Summer crops. Cover crop roots and soybean roots were sampled in depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. The cover crop roots were sampled before chemical desiccation. The soybean roots were sampled in the rows and in the spacing row of the tillage, in R2 stage of development. Soil bulk density, macro and micro porosity, total porosity and the curve of soil water retention were determined using undisturbed samples collected at depths of 0-5, 7.5-12.5, 15-20, 27.5-32.5 and 47.5-52.5 cm. The least limit water range (LLWR)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The objective of this study was to evaluate the alterations in soil structure and physical and physical-hydraulic properties with the use of different cover crop species with aggressive root system, in crop rotation under no-tillage, to evaluate the possibility of this management as an alternative to mechanical operations with chiseling, that are very expensive. The crop rotations used and replicated for three consecutive years, under no-tillage, had triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) and sunflower (Helianthus annus) as Autumn-Winter crops. Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum), forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) were used in Spring, before the soybean. These management systems were compared with the mechanical chiseling. The research was carried out during three croping seasons (2003/2004, 2004/2005 and 2005/2006), in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil. The experiment was a complete randomized block with subdivided plots and four replications. The plots consisted of triticale and sunflower crops. The subplots consisted of pearl millet, forage sorghum and sunn hemp, besides of the mechanical chiseling management. The chiseling was carried out only, after the harvest of the Autumn-Winter crops in the first year (September of 2003), keeping the chiseling area without crops between the Autumn-Winter crops and the Summer crops. Cover crop roots and soybean roots were sampled in depths of 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-40 and 40-60 cm. The cover crop roots were sampled before chemical desiccation. The soybean roots were sampled in the rows and in the spacing row of the tillage, in R2 stage of development. Soil bulk density, macro and micro porosity, total porosity and the curve of soil water retention were determined using undisturbed samples collected at depths of 0-5, 7.5-12.5, 15-20, 27.5-32.5 and 47.5-52.5 cm. The least limit water range (LLWR)... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Soja, Rotação de cultivos, Plantio direto, Estrutura do solo, Solos - Compactação, Crop rotation, Soybean, Soil structure, Soil compaction
Como citar
CALONEGO, Juliano Carlos. Uso de plantas de cobertura na recuperação de solo compactado. 2007. xiii, 125 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2007.