Atividade amilolítica e qualidade de sementes de milho (Zea mays L.) submetidas ao alagamento
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Data
2002-09
Autores
Dantas, Bárbara França [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Foram realizadas análises de qualidade fisiológica, bem como ensaios enzimáticos de a-amilase e amilases totais em sementes de milho, cv. Saracura BRS4154 e CATI AL34, submetidas a diferentes períodos de deficiência de oxigênio (hipoxia), com a finalidade de avaliar a resposta das sementes a essa condição. Para tanto, as sementes das cultivares AL34 e Saracura foram submersas em 50mL de água destilada e incubadas em germinadores a 27oC, no escuro, durante 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 e 5 dias. Após esse período foram realizados testes de germinação e vigor (primeira contagem do teste de germinação, condutividade elétrica, crescimento de plântulas, emergência das plântulas em campo, índice de velocidade de emergência e tempo médio de emergência). Para a avaliação da atividade de a-amilase e de amilases totais, as sementes submetidas aos períodos de submersão foram divididas em quatro grupos. Um grupo foi prontamente congelado e os outros três foram semeados em gerbox e mantidas a 27oC durante 2, 4 e 7 dias. Para a extração das enzimas amilolíticas, retirou-se os tecidos de reserva das sementes, que foram macerados em tampão TRIS-HCl 0,1mol.L-1, pH 7, contendo NaCl 0,1mol.L-1e CaCl2 10mmol.L-1 e centrifugadas a 12.000g, 4oC durante 10 minutos. O sobrenadante foi congelado até a realização dos ensaios. A atividade de amilases totais e de a-amilase foi medida em um sistema de reação, contendo Acetato de sódio 50mmol.L-1, pH 5,2 e CaCl2 10mmol.L-1 e amido solúvel de batata 2,5% como substrato, incubado a 35oC durante 15minutos. Para inativar outras amilases, permanecendo apenas a a-amilase, o extrato cru foi mantido a 70oC, durante 15 minutos. A atividade amilolítica foi expressa em mmol de açúcares redutores produzidos pela degradação de amido, por mg de proteína, por minuto...
Maize seeds cultivars Saracura BRS-4154 and CATI AL34, subjected to several flooding periods, were accessed for physiological quality and total amylase and a- amylase activity aiming to evalute seeds response to this condition. The seeds were submerged in 50mL of distilled water and incubated at 27oC, in the dark during 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. After that, germination and vigor (first counting, electrical conductivity, seedlings growth, seedlings field emergence, germination index and germination speed) tests were carried out. For the amylolitic activity, the seeds subjected to hypoxia were divided in four portions. One portion was readily frozen and the other three were germinated during 2, 4 and 7 days. The enzymes were extracted by the seeds reserve tissues homogenization in buffer 0.1mol.L-1 TRIS-HCl, pH 7, with 0.1mol.L-1 NaCl and 10mmol.L-1 CaCl2. After that, the solution with the homogenized tissues was centrifuged at 12000g at 4oC during 10 minutes. The pellet was discarded. The amylolitic activity was measured in a reaction buffer containing, sodium acetate 50mmol.L-1, pH 5.2 and CaCl2 10mmol.L-1 along with soluble potato starch 2.5% as substrate incubated at 35oC during 15minutes. To inactivate other amylases, and purify a- amylase, the crude extract was incubated at 70oC, during 15 minutes. The amylase activity was expressed in reducing sugars mmol produced by starch degradation per protein mg, per minute. After the hypoxia periods the seeds were germinated in germitest paper imbibed in 100 mg.L-1 GA3, 0.375% CaCl2 and 100 mg.L-1 GA3 + 0.375% CaCl2 solutions and assessed for germination and vigor tests and amylolitic activity. The results indicate both cultivars are tolerant to hypoxia but had their reserve degradation and mobilization inhibited by oxygen deficiency. Calcium and GA individually have no effect on submerged seeds, but...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Maize seeds cultivars Saracura BRS-4154 and CATI AL34, subjected to several flooding periods, were accessed for physiological quality and total amylase and a- amylase activity aiming to evalute seeds response to this condition. The seeds were submerged in 50mL of distilled water and incubated at 27oC, in the dark during 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days. After that, germination and vigor (first counting, electrical conductivity, seedlings growth, seedlings field emergence, germination index and germination speed) tests were carried out. For the amylolitic activity, the seeds subjected to hypoxia were divided in four portions. One portion was readily frozen and the other three were germinated during 2, 4 and 7 days. The enzymes were extracted by the seeds reserve tissues homogenization in buffer 0.1mol.L-1 TRIS-HCl, pH 7, with 0.1mol.L-1 NaCl and 10mmol.L-1 CaCl2. After that, the solution with the homogenized tissues was centrifuged at 12000g at 4oC during 10 minutes. The pellet was discarded. The amylolitic activity was measured in a reaction buffer containing, sodium acetate 50mmol.L-1, pH 5.2 and CaCl2 10mmol.L-1 along with soluble potato starch 2.5% as substrate incubated at 35oC during 15minutes. To inactivate other amylases, and purify a- amylase, the crude extract was incubated at 70oC, during 15 minutes. The amylase activity was expressed in reducing sugars mmol produced by starch degradation per protein mg, per minute. After the hypoxia periods the seeds were germinated in germitest paper imbibed in 100 mg.L-1 GA3, 0.375% CaCl2 and 100 mg.L-1 GA3 + 0.375% CaCl2 solutions and assessed for germination and vigor tests and amylolitic activity. The results indicate both cultivars are tolerant to hypoxia but had their reserve degradation and mobilization inhibited by oxygen deficiency. Calcium and GA individually have no effect on submerged seeds, but...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Milho - Semente, Análise enzimática, Sementes - Fisiologia, Hipóxia, Hypoxia
Como citar
DANTAS, Bárbara França. Atividade amilolítica e qualidade de sementes de milho (Zea mays L.) submetidas ao alagamento. 2002. viii, 67 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2002.