Criação de Tilápia-do-Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, em Tanques-rede, na Usina Hidrelétrica de Chavantes, Rio Paranapanema, SP/PR
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Data
2009-02-17
Autores
Ayroza, Luiz Marques da Silva [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A criação de tilápia-do-nilo, O. niloticus, em tanques-rede vem se expandindo em ritmo acelerado, utilizando-se densidades de estocagem com dependência da alimentação artificial e da renovação da água. Foram utilizados 36.000 peixes, da variedade Chitralada, sexualmente revertidos, onde avaliou-se diferentes densidades de estocagem (100, 200, 300 e 400 peixes m-3) e níveis protéicos da ração (28 e 32% PB), na fase de terminação (Fase 2), distribuídos em 24 tanques-rede, no reservatório da UHE de Chavantes, Rio Paranapanema SP/PR. Foram avaliadas duas produções de inverno, com médias de peso iniciais de 288,19 ± 64,21 g até atingirem peso comercial de 662,59 ± 102,73 g, nos meses de abril a julho de 2005 (103 dias) e de 2006 (95 dias). Os experimentos foram conduzidos em blocos inteiramente casualizados (fatorial) e seis repetições. Foram estimados os valores dos índices zootécnicos, ganho em peso diário (GPD), ganho em biomassa (GB), conversão alimentar aparente (CAA) e sobrevivência (S). Ocorreu efeito quadrático com diminuição dos valores do GPD e o crescente aumento do número de peixes adensados (p=0,0022). Os valores de GPD utilizando-se a ração com 32% PB foram significativamente superiores aos de 28% PB (p=0,0329). Houve interação entre os fatores densidade de estocagem e porcentagem de proteína na ração (p=0,0318) no índice de sobrevivência. Para os valores de CAA e GB não ocorreram interações entre as porcentagens de PB e densidade de estocagem (DE) (p=0,1157; 0,4058). Ocorreu efeito quadrático com os aumentos nos valores da CAA X DE (p=0,0210) e GB X DE (p=0,0002). Conclui-se que, os maiores valores de GPD mostraram que a ração de 32%PB e a densidade de 100 peixes m-3 são as mais indicadas foram as mais indicadas para essa fase de criação.
The Nile Tilapia, O. niloticus, breeding in net cages has been growing faster, uses high stocking densities, depending on artificial diet and water renewal. There were allocated 36.000 fish of the Chitralada variety, sexually reverted, where stocking densities (100, 200, 300, and 400 m³) and food protein level (28 and 32% CP) were evaluated in (phase 2), distributed in 24 net cages, in the Chavantes HPS Reservoir, Paranapanema River, SP/PR. Two winter crops were evaluated, using fish with 288,19 ± 64,21g initial mean weight up to reaching market weight of 662,59 ± 102,73g, in months of April to July 2005 (103 days) and 2006 (95 days). The experiments were carried out in entirely randomized blocks (factorial) and six replicates. The following zootechnical indexes values were studied, daily weight gain (DWG), biomass gain (BG), food conversion rate (FCR) and survival (S). Was a quadratic effect with the decrease of the DWG values and the increasing augment on the added up fish number (p=0,0022). The DWG values, using 32% CP food were significantly superior to the DWG with 28% CP food (p=0,0329). There was interaction between the stocking density and food protein percentage (p= 00,318) in the survival index. For the values of parameter FCR and BG, there were no interactions between the protein percentage in the food and stocking density (SD) (p=0,1157; 0,4058). There was a quadratic effect with the increases in the FCR X SD values (p=0,0210) and BG X SD (p=0,0002). Concluded that, the higher DWG showed that the 32% CP foodstuff and the 100 fish m-3 was the most appropriate for this phase of rearing.
The Nile Tilapia, O. niloticus, breeding in net cages has been growing faster, uses high stocking densities, depending on artificial diet and water renewal. There were allocated 36.000 fish of the Chitralada variety, sexually reverted, where stocking densities (100, 200, 300, and 400 m³) and food protein level (28 and 32% CP) were evaluated in (phase 2), distributed in 24 net cages, in the Chavantes HPS Reservoir, Paranapanema River, SP/PR. Two winter crops were evaluated, using fish with 288,19 ± 64,21g initial mean weight up to reaching market weight of 662,59 ± 102,73g, in months of April to July 2005 (103 days) and 2006 (95 days). The experiments were carried out in entirely randomized blocks (factorial) and six replicates. The following zootechnical indexes values were studied, daily weight gain (DWG), biomass gain (BG), food conversion rate (FCR) and survival (S). Was a quadratic effect with the decrease of the DWG values and the increasing augment on the added up fish number (p=0,0022). The DWG values, using 32% CP food were significantly superior to the DWG with 28% CP food (p=0,0329). There was interaction between the stocking density and food protein percentage (p= 00,318) in the survival index. For the values of parameter FCR and BG, there were no interactions between the protein percentage in the food and stocking density (SD) (p=0,1157; 0,4058). There was a quadratic effect with the increases in the FCR X SD values (p=0,0210) and BG X SD (p=0,0002). Concluded that, the higher DWG showed that the 32% CP foodstuff and the 100 fish m-3 was the most appropriate for this phase of rearing.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Density, Zootechnical indexes, Food protein, Tilapia (Peixe), Tanques-rede, Custo, Densidade, Índices zootécnicos, Teor protéico
Como citar
AYROZA, Luiz Marques da Silva. Criação de Tilápia-do-Nilo, Oreochromis niloticus, em Tanques-rede, na Usina Hidrelétrica de Chavantes, Rio Paranapanema, SP/PR. 2009. xiii, 92 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Centro de Aqüicultura, 2009.