Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética de espécies de Aponychus Rimando, Praponychus Gonzáles & Flechtmann e Stylophoronychus Prasad (Acari, Eurytetranychini)
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Data
2010-03-17
Autores
Hernandes, Fabio Akashi [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Tetranychidae é uma importante família de ácaros exclusivamente fitófagos, atualmente com 1.257 espécies, sendo que algumas delas causam os mais severos danos à agricultura. Em decorrência disso, muita atenção tem sido dada aos seus aspectos biológicos, mas poucos trabalhos enfocam sua história evolutiva e relações de parentesco. Diversos gêneros já foram incluídos na tribo Eurytetranychini, entretanto, baseando-se em especulações, e não em estudos filogenéticos abrangentes que demonstrassem a evolução e homologia entre diferentes estados de caráter. Faz-se necessária, portanto, uma análise cladística para as espécies dessa tribo, de modo a se desvendar a importância dos diversos caracteres morfológicos utilizados na separação de táxons desse grupo, tentando reconstituir as relações de parentesco entre suas espécies. Neste trabalho, apresentamos a primeira hipótese de relacionamento filogenético entre as espécies dos gêneros Aponychus, Paraponychus e Stylophoronychus. A análise forneceu apenas uma árvore mais parcimoniosa (L= 135; IC= 45; IR= 82). Embora o monofiletismo do grupo interno tenha sido confirmado, os gêneros deste grupo revelaram-se parafiléticos quanto às suas relações internas. A presença de algumas politomias no cladograma foi constante, mesmo após pesagem de caracteres. Com base nas análises morfológica, filogenética, de ocorrência geográfica e de hospedeiros, conclui-se que várias espécies desse grupo devem ser sinonimizadas: Aponychus aequilibris com A. corpuzae; Paraponychus incanus com P. corderoi; S. baghensis com S. nakaoi; A. bambusae e S. lalli com S. vannus. Outras espécies provavelmente devem ser sinonimizadas com A. rarus, mas isso não pôde ser confirmado porque a análise do material tipo de A. rarus não foi possível: A. expansus, A. grandidieri, A. lupus, A. parydrus e A. sulcatus. Muitas espécies...
Tetranychidae is an important family of strictly phytophagous mites, comprising currently of 1,257 species, some of which cause severe damage to crops. As a result, much attention has been paid to their biological aspects, meanwhile only a few papers emphasize their evolutionary history and relationships. Several genera have been included in the tribe Eurytetranychini, however, based on speculations rather than phylogenetical studies that depicted their evolution and homology between character states. Therefore, a thorough cladistic analysis is needed for the species of this tribe, throwing light into the evolution of morphological characters, and attempting to reconstruct the evolutionary history between these species. We present here the first hypothesis of phylogenetic relationship for species of the genera Aponychus, Paraponychus and Stylophoronychus. The analysis returned only a single most parcimonious tree (L= 135; CI= 45; RI= 82). Although the monophyly of the ingroup was confirmed, the genera within this group revealed paraphyletic for their internal relationships. Some polytomies were constantly found, even after character weighting. Basing on the morphology, phylogeny, geographical occurence and host association, we concluded that several species must be put into synonymy: Aponychus aequilibris with A. corpuzae; Paraponychus incanus with P. corderoi; S. baghensis with S. nakaoi; A. bambusae and S. lalli with S. vannus. Other species that probably should also be synonymyzed with A. rarus are A. expansus, A. grandidieri, A. lupus, A. parydrus and A. sulcatus; this hypothesis could not be confirmed because the analysis of the types of A. rarus was not possible. Several species were described based on a small number of specimens, and we concluded that their diagnosis merely reflects individual differences such as the relative length of some dorsal setae... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Tetranychidae is an important family of strictly phytophagous mites, comprising currently of 1,257 species, some of which cause severe damage to crops. As a result, much attention has been paid to their biological aspects, meanwhile only a few papers emphasize their evolutionary history and relationships. Several genera have been included in the tribe Eurytetranychini, however, based on speculations rather than phylogenetical studies that depicted their evolution and homology between character states. Therefore, a thorough cladistic analysis is needed for the species of this tribe, throwing light into the evolution of morphological characters, and attempting to reconstruct the evolutionary history between these species. We present here the first hypothesis of phylogenetic relationship for species of the genera Aponychus, Paraponychus and Stylophoronychus. The analysis returned only a single most parcimonious tree (L= 135; CI= 45; RI= 82). Although the monophyly of the ingroup was confirmed, the genera within this group revealed paraphyletic for their internal relationships. Some polytomies were constantly found, even after character weighting. Basing on the morphology, phylogeny, geographical occurence and host association, we concluded that several species must be put into synonymy: Aponychus aequilibris with A. corpuzae; Paraponychus incanus with P. corderoi; S. baghensis with S. nakaoi; A. bambusae and S. lalli with S. vannus. Other species that probably should also be synonymyzed with A. rarus are A. expansus, A. grandidieri, A. lupus, A. parydrus and A. sulcatus; this hypothesis could not be confirmed because the analysis of the types of A. rarus was not possible. Several species were described based on a small number of specimens, and we concluded that their diagnosis merely reflects individual differences such as the relative length of some dorsal setae... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Acarologia, Ácaro - Filogenia, Ecologia animal, Taxonomia zoológica
Como citar
HERNANDES, Fabio Akashi. Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética de espécies de Aponychus Rimando, Praponychus Gonzáles & Flechtmann e Stylophoronychus Prasad (Acari, Eurytetranychini). 2010. 203 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, 2010.