Diversidade funcional, genética e estrutural de micro-organismos do solo após 13 anos de aplicações anuais de lodo de esgoto sob cultura do milho
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Data
2013-06-14
Autores
Viana, Amanda Aparecida de Oliveira Neves [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As estações de tratamento de esgoto geram milhões de toneladas de resíduos em diferentes municípios brasileiros. Dentre as possíveis formas de utilização do lodo de esgoto destaca-se a sua utilização agrícola. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da aplicação de lodo de esgoto (LE) na comunidade microbiana de solos tratados com este resíduo por 13 anos em condições brasileiras. Os experimentos de campo foram conduzidos em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO eutroférrico típico (LVef) e em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO distrófico típico (LVd). Os tratamentos (doses de lodo de esgoto acumuladas ao longo dos 13 anos) foram: T1= 0,0 t ha-1 (adubação mineral); T2= 65 t ha-1; T3= 160 t ha-1 e T4= 207,5 t ha-1. As amostras de solo foram coletadas aos 65 dias após semeadura do milho. Foram quantificadas nas amostras de solo a população microbiana e sua diversidade metabólica. Métodos moleculares independentes de cultivo PCR-DGGE, clonagem e sequenciamento também foram utilizados. A aplicação de lodo de esgoto resultou em baixo efeito sobre as populações microbianas do solo (fungos, bactérias, actinomicetos) em LVef e LVd. As maiores densidades bacterianas foram observadas em LVef solo não rizosferico (SN), já as maiores densidades fúngicas foram em solo rizosferico (SR). Em LVd SN o tratamento com 20 t ha -1 apresentou a maior densidade fúngica, enquanto as maiores densidades bacterianas foram observadas nos tratamentos com 0, 5 e 20 t ha -1. O número de substratos utilizados em LVef foi maior em SR. Em LVd ocorreram diferenças em SR (10 e 20 t ha -1) e SN (0, 5 e 10 t ha -1). A soma da atividade de utilização dos substratos variou conforme o tempo de incubação, dose de LE aplicada e tipo de solo. Quanto aos valores de diversidade metabólica (índice de Shannon, H), número de substratos utilizados, equitabilidade (E), e atividade total da população microbiana foram detectadas diferenças apenas para alguns tratamentos. Alguns...
Sewage treatment plants generate millions of tons of sewage sludge in different municipalities. Among the possible ways of using sewage sludge highlights the agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge (SS) on the microbial community of a soil treated with this residue for 13 years under Brazilian conditions. Field experiments were conducted in two soils type, Eutrustox (LVef) and Typic Hapludox (LVd). Treatments (doses of sewage sludge accumulated over 13 years) were: T1 = 0.0 t ha-1 (chemical fertilizer), T2 = 65 t ha-1, T3 = 160 t ha-1 and T4 = 207.5 t ha-1 (dry basis). Soil samples were collected at 65 days after maize sowing. Soils samples were quantified for microbial populations and their metabolic diversity. Culture independent molecular methods PCR-DGGE, cloning and sequencing were also used. Sewage sludge caused little effect on soil microbial populations (fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes) in the two soils. The highest bacterial densities were observed in LVef non-rhizosphere soil (NRS) and the greatest fungal densities was observed in rhizosphere soil (RS)). In LVd the treatment that received 207.5 t ha-1 sewage sludge showed the highest fungal density in NRS, while the highest bacterial densities was observed in the treatments that receive 0, 5 and 20 t ha -1. The number of substrates used by microorganisms in LVef was higher in RS. In LVd differences occurred in SR (10 e 20 t ha -1) and SN (0, 5 e 10 t ha -1). The sum of substrate usage activity varied according to the incubation time, dose of SS and soil typel. Only some treatments differed in relation to metabolic diversity (Shannon index, H), number of used substrates, evenness (E), and total activity of the microbial population. Some amplicons were present in most treatments. The visualization of amplicons in different positions in DGGE profiles is indicative of new OTUs (operational taxonomic units) and groups were formed with ...
Sewage treatment plants generate millions of tons of sewage sludge in different municipalities. Among the possible ways of using sewage sludge highlights the agriculture. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sewage sludge (SS) on the microbial community of a soil treated with this residue for 13 years under Brazilian conditions. Field experiments were conducted in two soils type, Eutrustox (LVef) and Typic Hapludox (LVd). Treatments (doses of sewage sludge accumulated over 13 years) were: T1 = 0.0 t ha-1 (chemical fertilizer), T2 = 65 t ha-1, T3 = 160 t ha-1 and T4 = 207.5 t ha-1 (dry basis). Soil samples were collected at 65 days after maize sowing. Soils samples were quantified for microbial populations and their metabolic diversity. Culture independent molecular methods PCR-DGGE, cloning and sequencing were also used. Sewage sludge caused little effect on soil microbial populations (fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes) in the two soils. The highest bacterial densities were observed in LVef non-rhizosphere soil (NRS) and the greatest fungal densities was observed in rhizosphere soil (RS)). In LVd the treatment that received 207.5 t ha-1 sewage sludge showed the highest fungal density in NRS, while the highest bacterial densities was observed in the treatments that receive 0, 5 and 20 t ha -1. The number of substrates used by microorganisms in LVef was higher in RS. In LVd differences occurred in SR (10 e 20 t ha -1) and SN (0, 5 e 10 t ha -1). The sum of substrate usage activity varied according to the incubation time, dose of SS and soil typel. Only some treatments differed in relation to metabolic diversity (Shannon index, H), number of used substrates, evenness (E), and total activity of the microbial population. Some amplicons were present in most treatments. The visualization of amplicons in different positions in DGGE profiles is indicative of new OTUs (operational taxonomic units) and groups were formed with ...
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Microorganismos do solo, Biodiversidade, Indicadores (Biologia), DNA, Lodo de esgoto, Biodiversity
Como citar
VIANA, Amanda Aparecida de Oliveira Neves. Diversidade funcional, genética e estrutural de micro-organismos do solo após 13 anos de aplicações anuais de lodo de esgoto sob cultura do milho. 2013. vi, 87 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.