Mineralização do lodo biológico de indústria de gelatina, atributos químicos de solo e uso fertilizante para produção de milho
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Data
2010-12-22
Autores
Taniguchi, Carlos Alberto Kenji [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Na fabricação de gelatina, são gerados resíduos que, particularmente pela concentração de N, são de interesse para uso agrícola. Os objetivos com este trabalho foram verificar o potencial do lodo biológico de indústria de gelatina (LB) em fornecer nitrogênio para plantas de milho e avaliar a resposta das plantas de milho à aplicação do LB. O LB foi fornecido pela Gelita do Brasil, unidade de Mococa (SP). Ao todo, foram conduzidos seis experimentos: dois em laboratório, dois em casa de vegetação e dois em campo. Para os experimentos em laboratório e em casa de vegetação, foram coletadas amostras de Argissolo Vermelho do local onde foram instalados os experimentos de campo, em Mococa. No laboratório e na casa de vegetação, as doses de LB avaliadas foram equivalentes a 0; 100; 200; 300; 400 e 500 m3 ha-1. Com base nesses experimentos, concluiu-se que o carbono e o nitrogênio orgânico do lodo biológico de indústria de gelatina foram rapidamente mineralizados no solo, com tempo médio de meia-vida de 8,1 e 7,8 dias, respectivamente. Os métodos de incubação aeróbia e anaeróbia foram eficientes em prever a disponibilidade de nitrogênio do lodo biológico para plantas de milho e com base no primeiro foi determinada a taxa de aplicação do LB para os experimentos em campo (85 m3 ha-1). Em um dos experimentos em campo, foram avaliadas doses equivalentes a 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 e 2,0 vezes a taxa de aplicação do LB e foi obtido aumento linear na produtividade de grãos de milho safrinha. No outro experimento em condição de campo, em que a dose de N para milho safrinha foi de 50 kg ha-1 de N, associando NH4NO3 e LB, em diferentes proporções, a produtividade não foi afetada pela fonte de N.
In the gelatin manufacturing process many wastes are generated and particularly by their N concentrations, these wastes can be used for agricultural purpose. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of gelatin industry sludge (GIS) to provide nitrogen for maize plants and to evaluate the response of maize plants to GIS application. The GIS was supplied by Gelita do Brasil, subsidiary in Mococa (Sao Paulo State, Brazil). Six experiments were carried out: two in laboratory, two in greenhouse and two under field conditions. Kandiudult samples were collected from the area where the field experiments were installed, in Mococa, and these soil samples were used in laboratory and greenhouse studies. In laboratory and greenhouse the GIS rates evaluated were equivalent to 0; 100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 m3 ha-1. Based on these experiments it was concluded that organic carbon and nitrogen from GIS were rapidly mineralized in soil, with average half-life of 8.1 and 7.8 days, respectively. Long-term aerobic and anaerobic incubations were effective in predicting the nitrogen availability from GIS to maize plants and from aerobic incubation data it was determined the GIS application rate for field experiments (85.5 m3 ha-1). In one of the field study, rates equivalents to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the GIS application rate were evaluated and it was obtained a linear increase in the out of season maize grain yield. In another field experiment, in which the recommended N rate for out of season maize was 50 kg ha-1 N, ammonium nitrate and GIS were associated in different proportions, maize grain yield was not affected by N source.
In the gelatin manufacturing process many wastes are generated and particularly by their N concentrations, these wastes can be used for agricultural purpose. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the potential of gelatin industry sludge (GIS) to provide nitrogen for maize plants and to evaluate the response of maize plants to GIS application. The GIS was supplied by Gelita do Brasil, subsidiary in Mococa (Sao Paulo State, Brazil). Six experiments were carried out: two in laboratory, two in greenhouse and two under field conditions. Kandiudult samples were collected from the area where the field experiments were installed, in Mococa, and these soil samples were used in laboratory and greenhouse studies. In laboratory and greenhouse the GIS rates evaluated were equivalent to 0; 100; 200; 300; 400 and 500 m3 ha-1. Based on these experiments it was concluded that organic carbon and nitrogen from GIS were rapidly mineralized in soil, with average half-life of 8.1 and 7.8 days, respectively. Long-term aerobic and anaerobic incubations were effective in predicting the nitrogen availability from GIS to maize plants and from aerobic incubation data it was determined the GIS application rate for field experiments (85.5 m3 ha-1). In one of the field study, rates equivalents to 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 times the GIS application rate were evaluated and it was obtained a linear increase in the out of season maize grain yield. In another field experiment, in which the recommended N rate for out of season maize was 50 kg ha-1 N, ammonium nitrate and GIS were associated in different proportions, maize grain yield was not affected by N source.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sodium, Nitrogen availability, Out of season maize, Mineralization, Nitrate, Sódio, Disponibilidade de nitrogênio, Milho safrinha, Mineralização, Nitrato
Como citar
TANIGUCHI, Carlos Alberto Kenji. Mineralização do lodo biológico de indústria de gelatina, atributos químicos de solo e uso fertilizante para produção de milho. 2010. xi, 97 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2010.