Metodologias de avaliação e aplicação de nutrientes nas culturas de cana-de-açúcar e algodão
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Data
2011-11-25
Autores
Rossato, Otavio Bagiotto [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A adubação nitrogenada, fosfatada e potássica representam parte considerável dos custos de produção e tanto o excesso quanto a carência de nutrientes as plantas podem reduzir a qualidade e produtividade refletindo em menor lucratividade. Os teores de fósforo e potássio no solo são os parâmetros mais confiáveis para a recomendação de adubação fosfatada e potássica da maioria das culturas. Porém, para o nitrogênio, devido à sua alta mobilidade no solo, e, portanto variabilidade temporal, existe grande dificuldade em definir um único parâmetro de solo para manejar a adubação nitrogenada. Por isso, o uso de sensores óticos remotos capazes de detectar o estado nutricional das plantas, pode ser uma importante ferramenta no diagnóstico e aplicação de nitrogênio. Porém, para maioria das áreas cultivadas no Brasil, a adubação é feita de forma uniforme sem considerar a variabilidade existente dentro de cada área. Por isso, o presente trabalho visa avaliar diferentes critérios para a aplicação de fertilizantes fosfatados e potássicos em cana-de-açúcar, bem como, avaliar o potencial de utilização dos sensores de refletância e fluorescência na determinação dos teores de N-NO3 - no pecíolo, biomassa e produtividade do algodoeiro. No experimento realizado em cana-de-açúcar, foi feita a amostragem de solo em uma área de 35,09 ha em Igaraçú do Tietê, SP, Brasil, com uma grade 0,5 ha, e posteriormente...
The phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen represent a considerable part of production costs of most cultures. The phosphorus and potassium in the soil are the most reliable parameters its fertilization. There is a great difficulty in defining a single parameter to manage the soil nitrogen due to its high mobility in soil and therefore temporal variability. Therefore the use of remote optical sensors able to detect the nutritional status of plants can be an important tool in the diagnosis and application of nitrogen. However, for nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium for a majority of cropland in Brazil, the fertilization is done uniformly without considering the variability within each area. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate different criteria for the application of phosphate and potassium fertilizers in sugarcane, as well as assess the potential of using reflectance and fluorescence sensors in determining the levels of N-NO3 - in the petiole, biomass and cotton yield. In one experiment, which evaluated different ways of applying phosphate and potassium fertilizers in sugarcane was done soil sampling in an area of 35.09 ha in Igaraçu Tiete, Sao Paulo, Brazil, with 0.5 ha grid, and later in possession of the contents of P and K in the soil, and supported by software Campeiro 6.0 maps were created needs, deficits and excesses of P2O5 and K2O compared to a standard mode of fertilization, as well as estimated costs fertilizers in each mode of fertilizer application. The second experiment, which evaluated the potential use of sensors and fluorescence reflectance in cotton, was conducted at the Agricultural Center in Maricopa, Arizona, USA. In an experiment with a randomized block design with three cotton varieties... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen represent a considerable part of production costs of most cultures. The phosphorus and potassium in the soil are the most reliable parameters its fertilization. There is a great difficulty in defining a single parameter to manage the soil nitrogen due to its high mobility in soil and therefore temporal variability. Therefore the use of remote optical sensors able to detect the nutritional status of plants can be an important tool in the diagnosis and application of nitrogen. However, for nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium for a majority of cropland in Brazil, the fertilization is done uniformly without considering the variability within each area. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate different criteria for the application of phosphate and potassium fertilizers in sugarcane, as well as assess the potential of using reflectance and fluorescence sensors in determining the levels of N-NO3 - in the petiole, biomass and cotton yield. In one experiment, which evaluated different ways of applying phosphate and potassium fertilizers in sugarcane was done soil sampling in an area of 35.09 ha in Igaraçu Tiete, Sao Paulo, Brazil, with 0.5 ha grid, and later in possession of the contents of P and K in the soil, and supported by software Campeiro 6.0 maps were created needs, deficits and excesses of P2O5 and K2O compared to a standard mode of fertilization, as well as estimated costs fertilizers in each mode of fertilizer application. The second experiment, which evaluated the potential use of sensors and fluorescence reflectance in cotton, was conducted at the Agricultural Center in Maricopa, Arizona, USA. In an experiment with a randomized block design with three cotton varieties... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Agricultura de precisão, Cana-de-açúcar – Adubos e fertilizantes, Algodão - Adubos e fertilizantes, Fluorescencia, Sugarcane - Fertilizer, Cotton - Fertilizer
Como citar
ROSSATO, Otavio Bagiotto. Metodologias de avaliação e aplicação de nutrientes nas culturas de cana-de-açúcar e algodão. 2011. xii, 98 f. Tese (doutorado) - Unviversidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2011.