Semeadura conjugada à aplicação de herbicidas em plantio direto e convencional, na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.)
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Data
2001-10
Autores
Corrêa, Hermes Geraldo [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O sistema plantio direto é influenciado por diversos fatores, mas quatro reconhecidamente se destacam: o solo, a biomassa existente sobre o solo e aquela em vias de incorporar-se a ele, máquinas adequadas ao sistema e herbicidas. É importante que esses fatores tenham o melhor desempenho ou estejam se adequando para esse fim, para que o sistema expresse todo seu potencial. O presente trabalho analisa o que é conhecido e investiga novas proposições, como a associação da aplicação de herbicidas concomitante com a operação de semeadura. A redução do número de horas trabalhadas por hectare cultivado no plantio direto é realidade, mas este trabalho ainda considerou a possibilidade de maior redução das operações mecanizadas, pela conjugação das operações de aplicação de herbicidas dessecantes e de pré-emergência com a semeadura em uma única operação. Com esse objetivo foi instalado no município de Campos Novos Paulista, Estado de São Paulo, um experimento abrangendo o sistema plantio direto e convencional da cultura do milho, realizado em solo Latossol Vermelho Escuro muito argiloso. O experimento incluiu três tratamentos executados no plantio direto: 1) aplicação dos herbicidas de dessecação e de pré-emergência concomitantemente à semeadura, 2) aplicação dos herbicidas de dessecação e de pré-emergência em operação separada da semeadura, 3) aplicação de herbicida dessecante por ocasião da semeadura e 20 dias após, foi realizada a aplicação do herbicida de pós-emergência. No plantio convencional foram realizados dois tratamentos: 4) a aplicação destes herbicidas separados da semeadura e no outro 5) a aplicação dos herbicidas de pré-emergência concomitantemente à semeadura... .
The no-tillage system is affected by many factors, but four are known to stand out: the soil, the existing biomass above the soil and that one in process of incorporation to it, adequate machines and herbicides. The best performance of these factors or its adequacy to the system is important, so that it can express all its potential. The present research analyzes what is known about this subject and deals with new propositions, such as the application of the herbicides concomitant to the sowing. It is recognized that no tillage system reduces the number of hours of agricultural machines per hectare cultivated. The application of desiccants and pre-emergence herbicides conjugated with the sowing in one single operation was considered to improve this system. The field experiments were carried out in Campos Novos Paulista, São Paulo. They included three treatments in the no-tillage system: 1) burn-down and preemergence herbicides application concomitantly to the sowing, 2) herbicides application in an operation separated from the sowing, and 3) sowing and post-emergence herbicide application. In the conventional disc tillage system, there were two treatments: 4) herbicides application separated from the sowing and 5) the herbicides application concomitantly to the sowing. In some situations, the behavior of the soil in rows under traffic and no traffic by machines was analyzed. At the beginning and by the end of the experiment, the most important physical characteristics of the soil were obtained. Change in resistance of soil to penetration was observed in the rows under traffic by machines, the same was observed with the bulk density... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
The no-tillage system is affected by many factors, but four are known to stand out: the soil, the existing biomass above the soil and that one in process of incorporation to it, adequate machines and herbicides. The best performance of these factors or its adequacy to the system is important, so that it can express all its potential. The present research analyzes what is known about this subject and deals with new propositions, such as the application of the herbicides concomitant to the sowing. It is recognized that no tillage system reduces the number of hours of agricultural machines per hectare cultivated. The application of desiccants and pre-emergence herbicides conjugated with the sowing in one single operation was considered to improve this system. The field experiments were carried out in Campos Novos Paulista, São Paulo. They included three treatments in the no-tillage system: 1) burn-down and preemergence herbicides application concomitantly to the sowing, 2) herbicides application in an operation separated from the sowing, and 3) sowing and post-emergence herbicide application. In the conventional disc tillage system, there were two treatments: 4) herbicides application separated from the sowing and 5) the herbicides application concomitantly to the sowing. In some situations, the behavior of the soil in rows under traffic and no traffic by machines was analyzed. At the beginning and by the end of the experiment, the most important physical characteristics of the soil were obtained. Change in resistance of soil to penetration was observed in the rows under traffic by machines, the same was observed with the bulk density... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Milho - Semeadura, Equipamento de pulverização, Semeadeira (Implento agrícola), Plantio direto, Defensivos vegetais
Como citar
CORRÊA, Hermes Geraldo. Semeadura conjugada à aplicação de herbicidas em plantio direto e convencional, na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.). 2001. xiii, 189 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2001.