Desenvolvimento e avaliação de sistemas de aplicação de defensivos para a citricultura
Carregando...
Data
2004-09-03
Autores
Tachibana, Alexandre [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O controle do ácaro da leprose (Brevipalpus phoenicis) é um dos tratos fitossanitários mais importantes para a cultura do citros, devido ao alto custo com defensivos e das máquinas utilizadas. Os principais objetivos desse trabalho foram avaliar os equipamentos existentes no mercado e desenvolver outros visando redução no volume de calda empregado atualmente na citricultura e conseqüentemente reduzir o custo desse controle. Os métodos utilizados para a avaliação consistiram em aplicar caldas com corantes e quantificar a cobertura sob luz violeta e os depósitos por espectrofotometria. Os corantes utilizados foram o Luxcor LRM 100 e o corante Azul Brilhante (FD&C-1). Foram avaliadas 3 máquinas existentes no mercado atual que utilizam entre 2.000 e 6.000 L.ha-1, onde constatou-se que havia excesso de volume de calda e/ou falta de cobertura em pontos estratégicos na planta para o controle da praga. Dessa maneira iniciaram os desenvolvimentos e avaliações de 3 protótipos visando trabalhar com volume de calda intermediário 4.000 L.ha-1, embora tenham sido testados também com 2.000 L.ha-1. Em geral, observaram-se maiores depósitos nas regiões externas às plantas e posicionadas a 90o. com relação ao sentido do alinhamento das plantas; já as regiões internas e localizadas no alinhamento das plantas foram as que obtiveram menores depósitos. Com relação aos volumes de calda, observou-se maior deposição nos tratamentos com maiores volumes; porém, o tipo da máquina influenciou na deposição, que em alguns casos foi mais importante que o volume de calda elevado. Como exemplo, mesmo utilizando volume de calda menor, o protótipo com fluxo de ar convergente obteve maiores depósitos em folhas e frutos. Observou-se como conseqüência que as máquinas com fluxo convergente são mais eficientes que as de fluxo divergente, no tocante à...
The citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus phoenicis) control is one of the most important cultural practices to citrus crop, due the high cost with pesticides and machineries involved. The main goals of this work were evaluate the current equipments utilized and develop others to get reduction in rate volume currently employed in citrus growing and consequently reduce the cost of this practice. The methods employed for this evaluation were consisted in application of dye in sprayings and quantify the covering under violet light and deposits by spectrofotometry. The dyes utilized were Luxcor LRM 100 and Brilliant Blue (FD&C-1). Were evaluated three machines that work between 2.000 and 6.000 L.ha-1, was verified a great abundance of rate volume and/or no sufficient covering in important parts of the tree to post control. In this way, was started the development and evaluation of three prototypes to aim work a intermediate rate volume (4.000 L.ha-1), even they were tested with 2.000 L.ha-1. As general considerations to spraying were observed higher deposits in extern parts and locate at 90o from the tree line; the internal parts on the tree line were considered the most difficult place to get deposits. Is possible verify a higher deposits in treatments which employed high volume, but the machine's type influenced the deposits, that in some cases were most important than high volume; as an example, even with lower rate volume, the prototype with converging air flow obtained higher deposits at leaves and fruits. Were observed as consequence, the sprayer with converging air flow are more efficient than diverging air flow sprayer, in respect to deposits... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
The citrus flat mite (Brevipalpus phoenicis) control is one of the most important cultural practices to citrus crop, due the high cost with pesticides and machineries involved. The main goals of this work were evaluate the current equipments utilized and develop others to get reduction in rate volume currently employed in citrus growing and consequently reduce the cost of this practice. The methods employed for this evaluation were consisted in application of dye in sprayings and quantify the covering under violet light and deposits by spectrofotometry. The dyes utilized were Luxcor LRM 100 and Brilliant Blue (FD&C-1). Were evaluated three machines that work between 2.000 and 6.000 L.ha-1, was verified a great abundance of rate volume and/or no sufficient covering in important parts of the tree to post control. In this way, was started the development and evaluation of three prototypes to aim work a intermediate rate volume (4.000 L.ha-1), even they were tested with 2.000 L.ha-1. As general considerations to spraying were observed higher deposits in extern parts and locate at 90o from the tree line; the internal parts on the tree line were considered the most difficult place to get deposits. Is possible verify a higher deposits in treatments which employed high volume, but the machine's type influenced the deposits, that in some cases were most important than high volume; as an example, even with lower rate volume, the prototype with converging air flow obtained higher deposits at leaves and fruits. Were observed as consequence, the sprayer with converging air flow are more efficient than diverging air flow sprayer, in respect to deposits... (Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Pulverização, Defensivos vegetais, Defensivos agrícolas, Máquinas agrícolas, Frutas citricas - Cultivo, Citricultura, Spraying, Citrus fruits
Como citar
TACHIBANA, Alexandre. Desenvolvimento e avaliação de sistemas de aplicação de defensivos para a citricultura. 2004. x, 111 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2004.