Desempenho operacional de máquinas agrícolas na implantação da cultura do sorgo forrageiro
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Data
2009-12-04
Autores
Rodrigues, José Guilherme Lança [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O sorgo forrageiro pode ser cultivado em áreas e situações ambientais secas e quentes, onde a produtividade de outras forrageiras pode ser normalmente antieconômica. O revolvimento do solo pode ser efetuado somente nas linhas de semeadura (semeadura direta) ou totalmente na área destinada à semeadura (preparo convencional), com arações, gradagens, subsolagem e escarificação (cultivo reduzido). A velocidade de deslocamento ideal para a semeadura é aquela em que o sulco é aberto e fechado sem remover exageradamente o solo, permitindo a distribuição das sementes em espaçamentos e profundidades constantes. O experimento foi instalado e conduzido em condições de campo, em solo classificado como Nitossolo Vermelho Distroférrico, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas da UNESP, Campus de Botucatu. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a resposta da cultura do sorgo em quatro velocidades de deslocamento (3, 5 ,6 e 9 km h-1) e quatro sistemas de manejo de solo: SD (semeadura direta); GP (gradagem pesada + semeadura); GPL (gradagem pesada + duas gradagens leves + semeadura) e CR (escarificação + semeadura). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância em esquema fatorial 4 x 4 e um delineamento em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas. Foram determinados os seguintes parâmetros: massa seca da cobertura vegetal, porcentagem de cobertura do solo, resistência do solo à penetração, profundidade de deposição de sementes, área de solo mobilizada e profundidade de sulco de semeadura, velocidade média, patinagem do trator em operação, força média de tração na barra, potência média na barra de tração, capacidade de campo teórica do conjunto trator-equipamento, consumos horário e operacional...
Sorghum silage can be cultivated in dry and hot areas and environmental situations, in which productivity of some other forage is anti economic. Soil mobilization can be used only in seeding lines (no-tillage), or totally in the area for the seeding (conventional tillage), with plowing and drainage and sub soiling and chiseling (reduced crop). The ideal speed displacement for seeding is the one in which the rill is open and closed without exaggeratedly removing the soil, allowing seed distribution at constant spacing and depths. The experiment was installed and conducted in field conditions, in dystrophic Red Nitossol, at Fazenda Experimental Lageado, in Forest Sciences, College of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University-FCA/UNESP-Botucatu (SP). The present research aimed at evaluating the response of sorghum crop in function of 4 displacement speeds (3, 5, 6 e 9 km h-1) and 4 soil management systems: SD (No-tillage), GP (Heavy disk harrow + sowing), GPL (heavy disk harrow + two leveling harrows + sowing) and CR (chiseling + sowing). The obtained parameters were analyzed statistically through analysis of the median values in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme and a completely randomized block design with split-plots. The following parameters were determined: dry mass of cover crop, percentage of soil cover, soil resistance to penetration, seed deposition depths, area of displaced soil, sowing depths, mean flow velocity, tractor slip in operation, median power of traction in the bar, median drawbar pull, theoretical field capacity of the group tractor-equipment, hourly and operational fuel consumption, early and final plant population, plant heights, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part, thousand grain mass, fresh and dry mass productivity. Speed variation in the operation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Sorghum silage can be cultivated in dry and hot areas and environmental situations, in which productivity of some other forage is anti economic. Soil mobilization can be used only in seeding lines (no-tillage), or totally in the area for the seeding (conventional tillage), with plowing and drainage and sub soiling and chiseling (reduced crop). The ideal speed displacement for seeding is the one in which the rill is open and closed without exaggeratedly removing the soil, allowing seed distribution at constant spacing and depths. The experiment was installed and conducted in field conditions, in dystrophic Red Nitossol, at Fazenda Experimental Lageado, in Forest Sciences, College of Agronomic Sciences, São Paulo State University-FCA/UNESP-Botucatu (SP). The present research aimed at evaluating the response of sorghum crop in function of 4 displacement speeds (3, 5, 6 e 9 km h-1) and 4 soil management systems: SD (No-tillage), GP (Heavy disk harrow + sowing), GPL (heavy disk harrow + two leveling harrows + sowing) and CR (chiseling + sowing). The obtained parameters were analyzed statistically through analysis of the median values in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme and a completely randomized block design with split-plots. The following parameters were determined: dry mass of cover crop, percentage of soil cover, soil resistance to penetration, seed deposition depths, area of displaced soil, sowing depths, mean flow velocity, tractor slip in operation, median power of traction in the bar, median drawbar pull, theoretical field capacity of the group tractor-equipment, hourly and operational fuel consumption, early and final plant population, plant heights, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass of the aerial part, thousand grain mass, fresh and dry mass productivity. Speed variation in the operation... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Sorgo, Máquinas agrícolas, Solos - Manejo, Demanda energética, Sorghum silage, Soil management, Energetic demand, Sowing speed
Como citar
RODRIGUES, José Guilherme Lança. Desempenho operacional de máquinas agrícolas na implantação da cultura do sorgo forrageiro. 2009. xii, 94f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista , Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2009.