Recuperação de um solo degradado com a aplicação de adubos verdes e lodo de esgoto
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Data
2008-02-01
Autores
Kitamura, Aline Emy [UNESP]
Alves, Marlene Cristina [UNESP]
Suzuki, Luiz Gustavo Akihiro Sanches [UNESP]
Paz Gonzalez, Antonio
Título da Revista
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Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
A utilização incorreta dos solos vem causando alterações neles, tornando-os cada vez menos produtivos, aumentando as áreas com solos degradados. O presente trabalho teve por objetivos estudar ações para acelerar a formação do horizonte A de um Latossolo Vermelho degradado, via uso de adubos verdes, lodo de esgoto e cultivo de uma espécie arbórea nativa de Cerrado, e selecionar indicadores para detectar alterações da camada superficial do solo. O monitoramento das alterações do solo foi realizado anualmente. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos, em cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: testemunha - solo exposto (sem manejo); vegetação nativa (Cerrado); espécie arbórea Astronium fraxinifolium; Astronium fraxinifolium + Canavalia ensiformis; Astronium fraxinifolium + Raphanus sativus; e Astronium fraxinifolium + Brachiaria decumbens + lodo de esgoto (60 t ha-1). Avaliou-se no solo: porosidade, densidade do solo, cátions trocáveis, pH, acidez potencial (H + Al), soma de bases (SB), saturação por bases (V), CTC e macrorganismos. Nos adubos verdes, foi avaliada a massa seca e, para a espécie arbórea, a altura e o diâmetro de caule. A mobilização do solo e a mobilização mais a adubação verde e o lodo de esgoto estão recuperando as propriedades do solo degradado, com comportamento semelhante entre elas após um ano de adoção. O melhor indicador físico das alterações do solo foi sua densidade. Os tratamentos adotados são semelhantes quanto à população de macrorganismos do solo e contribuindo positivamente para recuperação da macrofauna. A presença de larva e besouro foi indicadora da melhoria da macrofauna do solo.
The inadequate use of soils induces alterations, exhausting the productivity, and resulting in growing areas of degraded soil. This study had the objectives of a) studying alternatives to promote the formation of the A horizon of a degraded soil through the use of green manure, sewage sludge, and cultivation of a native tree species; and b) selecting soil quality indicators to detect the alterations in the surface layer. Evaluations were executed annually. The experimental design was in random blocks with six treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of a control (without soil management); original vegetation (savannah); Astronium fraxinifolium; Astronium fraxinifolium + Canavalia ensiformis; Astronium fraxinifolium + Raphanus sativus and Astronium fraxinifolium + Brachiaria decumbens + sewage sludge (60 t ha-1). The following soil properties were evaluated: porosity, bulk density, exchangeable cations, pH, potential acidity, base saturation, CEC and macrofauna. The dry matter of the green manures was evaluated. and stem height and diameter of the tree species were measured. Soil mobilization or soil mobilization plus green manure or sewage sludge restored soil properties, although the effects are similar after one year. The best soil physical quality indicator was bulk density. The effects of treatments on the recovery of soil macrofauna were similar. The presence of larvae and beetles was an indication of the improvement in the soil macrofauna.
The inadequate use of soils induces alterations, exhausting the productivity, and resulting in growing areas of degraded soil. This study had the objectives of a) studying alternatives to promote the formation of the A horizon of a degraded soil through the use of green manure, sewage sludge, and cultivation of a native tree species; and b) selecting soil quality indicators to detect the alterations in the surface layer. Evaluations were executed annually. The experimental design was in random blocks with six treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of a control (without soil management); original vegetation (savannah); Astronium fraxinifolium; Astronium fraxinifolium + Canavalia ensiformis; Astronium fraxinifolium + Raphanus sativus and Astronium fraxinifolium + Brachiaria decumbens + sewage sludge (60 t ha-1). The following soil properties were evaluated: porosity, bulk density, exchangeable cations, pH, potential acidity, base saturation, CEC and macrofauna. The dry matter of the green manures was evaluated. and stem height and diameter of the tree species were measured. Soil mobilization or soil mobilization plus green manure or sewage sludge restored soil properties, although the effects are similar after one year. The best soil physical quality indicator was bulk density. The effects of treatments on the recovery of soil macrofauna were similar. The presence of larvae and beetles was an indication of the improvement in the soil macrofauna.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
área de empréstimo, densidade do solo, porosidade do solo, fertilidade do solo, macrorganismos do solo, loan area, bulk density, soil porosity, soil fertility, soil macrofauna
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 32, n. 1, p. 405-416, 2008.