Propriedades físicas de um Latossolo Vermelho sob cultivo de arroz de terras altas em diferentes manejos do solo e água
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Data
2009-09-01
Autores
Kamimura, Karina Marie
Alves, Marlene Cristina [UNESP]
Arf, Orivaldo [UNESP]
Binotti, Flávio Ferreira da Silva [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Instituto Agronômico de Campinas
Resumo
Na cultura do arroz, o manejo inadequado do solo pode ocasionar compactação superficial e subsuperficial que, ao limitar o desenvolvimento radicular e o armazenamento de água, compromete o crescimento e a produtividade das plantas. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito do manejo do solo e da água nas propriedades físicas de um Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico no cultivo do arroz de terras altas. O experimento foi instalado no município de Selvíria (MS), no ano agrícola de 2003/2004, em área anteriormente ocupada com a cultura do milheto. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, constituído de três manejos do solo (escarificador + grade niveladora, grade pesada + grade niveladora e semeadura direta) e três manejos da água (sem irrigação; irrigação nas fases reprodutiva e de maturação; irrigação em todas as fases), com quatro repetições. Analisaram-se macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total, densidade do solo, resistência à penetração do solo, umidade do solo, condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado e infiltração de água. O preparo do solo com escarificador propiciou maior macroporosidade e porosidade total, e menor densidade do solo e resistência à penetração na camada de 0,00 a 0,20 m, resultados opostos aos obtidos com o preparo com grade pesada; o preparo com grade proporcionou a formação de camada compactada (0,10 a 0,20 m). A semeadura direta obteve menor macroporosidade e porosidade total, além de maior resistência à penetração e densidade do solo nos primeiros 0,10 m. Pelos resultados, pode-se concluir que as propriedades físicas do solo foram influenciadas pelo seu manejo, entretanto não foram afetadas pelo manejo da água. O manejo do solo com escarificador resultou em melhores condições físicas para o desenvolvimento da cultura do arroz.
For rice crops, the inadequate soil management can lead to superficial and sub-superficial compaction which, by limiting root development and water retention, limits crop growth and yield. This study was aimed at evaluating the soil and water management effect on the physical properties of an Oxisol under non-flooded rice. The experiment was carried out at Selvíria (MS), in the growing season of 2003/2004, in an area which had previously been under millet crop. A randomized complete block design was used in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme, based on three different soil managements (chisel plow + levelling harrow, harrow + levelling harrow and no-tillage) and three different water managements (not irrigated; irrigated during the reproductive and ripening stages; irrigated during all the stages), with 4 replications. Macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance, soil moisture content, hydraulic conductive of the saturated soil and water infiltration were analysed. Soil tillage with chisel plow produced greater macroporosity and total porosity, and lower soil bulk density and soil penetration resistance in the 0.00 to 0.20 m layer, opposite results obtained with harrow tillage. Harrow tillage formed a compacted layer at the depth of (0.10-0.20 m). Smaller macroporosity and total porosity was found in no-tillage together with greater soil penetration resistance and soil bulk density, all in the first 0.10 m. Soil physical properties were influenced by soil management, but not influenced by water management. The soil management with chisel plow showed better results concerning the soil physical properties for the development of rice.
For rice crops, the inadequate soil management can lead to superficial and sub-superficial compaction which, by limiting root development and water retention, limits crop growth and yield. This study was aimed at evaluating the soil and water management effect on the physical properties of an Oxisol under non-flooded rice. The experiment was carried out at Selvíria (MS), in the growing season of 2003/2004, in an area which had previously been under millet crop. A randomized complete block design was used in a 3 x 3 factorial scheme, based on three different soil managements (chisel plow + levelling harrow, harrow + levelling harrow and no-tillage) and three different water managements (not irrigated; irrigated during the reproductive and ripening stages; irrigated during all the stages), with 4 replications. Macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity, soil bulk density, soil penetration resistance, soil moisture content, hydraulic conductive of the saturated soil and water infiltration were analysed. Soil tillage with chisel plow produced greater macroporosity and total porosity, and lower soil bulk density and soil penetration resistance in the 0.00 to 0.20 m layer, opposite results obtained with harrow tillage. Harrow tillage formed a compacted layer at the depth of (0.10-0.20 m). Smaller macroporosity and total porosity was found in no-tillage together with greater soil penetration resistance and soil bulk density, all in the first 0.10 m. Soil physical properties were influenced by soil management, but not influenced by water management. The soil management with chisel plow showed better results concerning the soil physical properties for the development of rice.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Oryza sativa L., escarificador, grade aradora, semeadura direta, irrigação por aspersão, compactação, Oryza sativa L., chisel plow, harrow, no-tillage, sprinkler-irrigation, compaction
Como citar
Bragantia. Instituto Agronômico de Campinas, v. 68, n. 3, p. 723-731, 2009.