Redimensionamento do behaviorismo radical pós-skinneriano a partir da análise do percurso histórico da crítica ao pensamento behaviorista: implicações preliminares na área educacional
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Data
1996-06-12
Autores
Carrara, Kester [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Behaviorismo, abarcando todas as formas que já possuiu, passa a marca de oitenta anos de uma existência entremeada pela convivência difícil com a crítica, quase sempre representada por análises ásperas e contundentes. Com o desaparecimento dos grandes nomes da abordagem, a exemplo de Skinner, em 1990, apresenta-se ocasião oportuna para que se proceda a uma consideração mais aguda do conjunto da crítica desse período e, como conseqüência, seja pensada a absorção de uma parcela importante das restrições procedentes, visando novos delineamentos nessa linha teórica. Dadas essas condições, este trabalho tenta, a partir de um mapeamento histórico da crítica, levantado após o exame de extensa bibliografia disponível, colher indicativos que permitam propor mudanças que assegurem o redimensionamento da filosofia behaviorista e da principal ciência a que embasa, a Análise do Comportamento. Em seguida -e até por conseqüência- faz-se breve análise das principais implicações que tal reconstrução teórica asseguraria no campo educacional. Conjetura-se acerca da viabilidade de um redelineamento que se valha de uma leitura contextualista -no sentido de Pepper- da Análise do Comportamento. Tal possibilidade se viabilizaria mediante a ampliação do conceito de ambiente na análise e progra iii mação de contingências: a idéia de contexto privilegia a multideterminação e abre perspectivas para, sem perder em objetividade, tornar mais consistente o acesso ao psicológico. Por certo, o momento atual cobra o delineamento de futuras tendências, nas quais o que se pretende saber é se o Behaviorismo se enclausurará como filosofia de ciência que não vai se modernizar com a urgência necessária em função da dinâmica crescente da atual sociedade; se o Behaviorismo Radical de Skinner é o que permanecerá; se a amplitude do campo de análise deve ou não ser mais... .
In all the forms it has taken for more than eighty years of existence, Behaviorism has been subjected almost too often to harsh and sharp analyses on the part of the critique. After the passing of well-known exponents of this approach, such as Skinner's in 1990, there seems to be a timely opportunity to draw some deeper considerations on the body of criticism made in that period and, as a consequence, to examine the acceptance of an important portion of reasonable restrictions, so as to present new perspectives in the line of this theory. Given these conditions, the present research is an attempt to provide a historical survey of the criticism collected from the extensive bibliography available in order to gather indications which may help to propose changes for a re-appraisal of behavioristic philosophy and the major science on which it is based - Behavior Analysis. A brief analysis of the main implications this theoretical reconstruction would call forth in the field of education follows, even as a consequence. Conjectures are made about the viability of re-delineating Behavior Analysis from a contextualist reading, in Pepper's sense. This should be possible by widening the concept of environment in contingencies analysis and programming: the idea of context favors multidetermination and, without losing its objectivity, offers perspectives for a more consistent access to the psychological. v The moment at present certainly demands the delineation of future trends in order to know whether Behaviorism will enclose itself as a science philosophy which will not become modern urgently enough to meet the ever-growing dynamics of today's society; whether the scope of the analysis field should or should not be more flexible and incorporate, in practice, data from the social, economical and cultural history of the individual or group under analysis; whether Behaviorism can or cannot, eventualy, put forward concrete proposals of how to use its findings.
In all the forms it has taken for more than eighty years of existence, Behaviorism has been subjected almost too often to harsh and sharp analyses on the part of the critique. After the passing of well-known exponents of this approach, such as Skinner's in 1990, there seems to be a timely opportunity to draw some deeper considerations on the body of criticism made in that period and, as a consequence, to examine the acceptance of an important portion of reasonable restrictions, so as to present new perspectives in the line of this theory. Given these conditions, the present research is an attempt to provide a historical survey of the criticism collected from the extensive bibliography available in order to gather indications which may help to propose changes for a re-appraisal of behavioristic philosophy and the major science on which it is based - Behavior Analysis. A brief analysis of the main implications this theoretical reconstruction would call forth in the field of education follows, even as a consequence. Conjectures are made about the viability of re-delineating Behavior Analysis from a contextualist reading, in Pepper's sense. This should be possible by widening the concept of environment in contingencies analysis and programming: the idea of context favors multidetermination and, without losing its objectivity, offers perspectives for a more consistent access to the psychological. v The moment at present certainly demands the delineation of future trends in order to know whether Behaviorism will enclose itself as a science philosophy which will not become modern urgently enough to meet the ever-growing dynamics of today's society; whether the scope of the analysis field should or should not be more flexible and incorporate, in practice, data from the social, economical and cultural history of the individual or group under analysis; whether Behaviorism can or cannot, eventualy, put forward concrete proposals of how to use its findings.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Behaviorismo (Psicologia)
Como citar
CARRARA, Kester. Redimensionamento do behaviorismo radical pós-skinneriano a partir da análise do percurso histórico da crítica ao pensamento behaviorista: implicações preliminares na área educacional. 1996.. 2v. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Filosofia e Ciências, 1996..