Doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio na cultura do milho em plantio direto sobre Latossolo Vermelho
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Data
2005-06-01
Autores
Silva, Edson Cabral da
Buzetti, Salatier [UNESP]
Guimarães, Giovani Lima
Lazarini, Edson [UNESP]
Sá, Marco Eustáquio de [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo
Resumo
O nitrogênio (N) é o nutriente absorvido em maiores quantidades pelo milho e o que mais influencia o rendimento de grãos, tendo sua dinâmica no sistema solo-planta alterada pelo manejo. Objetivou-se avaliar doses e épocas de aplicação de N na cultura do milho sob sistema plantio direto (SPD) recém-instalado. O estudo foi realizado na fazenda experimental da UNESP/FEIS, no município de Selvíria (MS), em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, durante os anos agrícolas de 1998/99 e de 1999/00. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com 19 tratamentos e quatro repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial incompleto 6 x 3 + 1 (testemunha: 0 kg ha-1), constituídos por seis combinações de épocas de aplicação de N (todo na semeadura, todo no estádio de 4 a 6 folhas, todo no estádio de 8 a 10 folhas, ½ semeadura + ½ no estádio de 4 a 6 folhas, ½ semeadura + ½ no estádio de 8 a 10 folhas e ½ no estádio de 4 a 6 folhas e ½ no estádio de 8 a 10 folhas) com 4 doses de N-uréia (0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1). Foram avaliados os teores de N-NH4+, N-NO3-, N mineral e N total, nas profundidades de 0,0 a 0,10; 0,10 a 0,20 e 0,20 a 0,40 m, na época do florescimento do milho. Foram avaliados: a altura da planta e da espiga, o teor de N na folha, na época do florescimento, o teor de N no grão, o número de fileiras de grãos por espiga e de grãos por fileira, o peso de 1.000 grãos e a produtividade. O teor de NH4+ foi superior ao de NO3-, nas mesmas profundidades, em ambos os cultivos. A máxima eficiência técnica para a produtividade de milho foi alcançada com a dose de 166 kg ha-1 de N, e a máxima eficiência econômica, considerando a relação preço do N/preço do produto de 8,25/1, foi alcançada com a dose de 126 kg ha-1 de N, aplicada metade na semeadura e metade no estádio de 4 a 6 folhas.
Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient taken up in the largest quantity by corn and it has the greatest effect on grain yield. Its dynamics in the soil-plant system is influenced by the management. The aim of this study was to evaluate nitrogen rates and application times in corn in a recently implanted no-tillage system. This study was conducted at the Experimental Station of UNESP/FEIS - Ilha Solteira campus in Selvíria, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, during the growth season of 1998/99 and 1999/00 on a clayey dystrophic dark Red Latosol (Rhodic Haplustox). The experimental design was structured in randomized complete blocks, with 19 treatments and 4 replications in an incomplete factorial 6 x 3 + 1 (control: 0 kg ha-1) scheme. Six combinations of N application timing (total dose at sowing, total dose at the 4 - 6 leaf stage, total dose at the 8 - 10 leaf stage, ½ at sowing + ½ at the 4 to 6 leaf stage, ½ at sowing + ½ at 8 to 10 leaf stage and, ½ at the 4 to 6 leaf stage + ½ at the 8 to 10 leaf stage) and 4 rates of N-urea (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Soil samples were collected in the 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m layers for an evaluation of N-NH4+, N- NO3-, mineral-N and total-N concentration. Plants were analyzed for plant and ear height, leaf N concentration at flowering and N concentration in the grains, rows of grain per ear, grains per row, weight of thousand grains, and grain yield. The NH4+ content was higher than NO3- at the same depths, in both cultivations. The grain yield of the corn had the highest technical efficiency at the N rate of 166 kg ha-1, and a maximum economical efficiency with 126 kg ha-1 of N, applied half dose at sowing and the remaining at the 4-6 leaf stage, considering a fertilizer cost and corn price ratio of 8.25:1.
Nitrogen (N) is the nutrient taken up in the largest quantity by corn and it has the greatest effect on grain yield. Its dynamics in the soil-plant system is influenced by the management. The aim of this study was to evaluate nitrogen rates and application times in corn in a recently implanted no-tillage system. This study was conducted at the Experimental Station of UNESP/FEIS - Ilha Solteira campus in Selvíria, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, during the growth season of 1998/99 and 1999/00 on a clayey dystrophic dark Red Latosol (Rhodic Haplustox). The experimental design was structured in randomized complete blocks, with 19 treatments and 4 replications in an incomplete factorial 6 x 3 + 1 (control: 0 kg ha-1) scheme. Six combinations of N application timing (total dose at sowing, total dose at the 4 - 6 leaf stage, total dose at the 8 - 10 leaf stage, ½ at sowing + ½ at the 4 to 6 leaf stage, ½ at sowing + ½ at 8 to 10 leaf stage and, ½ at the 4 to 6 leaf stage + ½ at the 8 to 10 leaf stage) and 4 rates of N-urea (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha-1). Soil samples were collected in the 0.0-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.40 m layers for an evaluation of N-NH4+, N- NO3-, mineral-N and total-N concentration. Plants were analyzed for plant and ear height, leaf N concentration at flowering and N concentration in the grains, rows of grain per ear, grains per row, weight of thousand grains, and grain yield. The NH4+ content was higher than NO3- at the same depths, in both cultivations. The grain yield of the corn had the highest technical efficiency at the N rate of 166 kg ha-1, and a maximum economical efficiency with 126 kg ha-1 of N, applied half dose at sowing and the remaining at the 4-6 leaf stage, considering a fertilizer cost and corn price ratio of 8.25:1.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
semeadura direta, N-mineral, N-total, Zea mays L, No-tillage, mineral-N, total-N, Zea mays L
Como citar
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo. Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, v. 29, n. 3, p. 353-362, 2005.