Áxions, májorons e neutrinos em extensões do modelo padrão
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Data
2011-04-29
Autores
Sánchez Vega, Bruce Lehmann [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Nesta tese, partículas tais como áxions, Májorons e neutrinos são consideradas em duas extensões eletrofracas do modelo padrão da física de partículas. Especificamente, os modelos considerados estão baseados nas simetrias de gauge SU(3)L ⊗ U(1)X eSU(2)L ⊗U(1)Y⊗U(1)B−L. Primeiramente, no contexto do modelo 3-3-1 com um sector escalar mínimo é realizado um estudo detalhado referente à implementção da simetria de Peccei-Quinn (PQ) para resolver o problema CP forte. Para a versão original do modelo, que possui apenas dois tripletos escalares, é mostrado que a Lagrangiana total é invariante sobre uma simetria PQ. No entanto, o áxion não é produzido porque um sub-grupo permanece sem quebrar. Embora, neste caso, o problema CP forte possa ser resolvido, a solução é amplamente desfavorecida porque três quarks não têm massa em todas as ordens da teoria de perturbação. A adição de um terceiro tripleto escalar resolve o problema dos quarks sem massa, mas o áxion que aparece é visível. Para fazer o modelo realístico teremos que modificá-lo. É mostrado que a adição de um singleto escalar junto com uma simetria de gauge discreta ZN é capaz de levar a cabo esta tarefa e proteger o áxion de efeitos da gravidade quântica. Para ter segurançaa que a simetria de gauge discreta que protege o áxion é livre de anomalias, é usada uma versão discreta do mecanismo de Green-Schwarz. A seguir, é considerado um modelo eletrofraco baseado na simetria de gauge SU(2)L ⊗U(1)Y⊗U(1)B−L, no qual temos neutrinos de mão direita com números quânticos exóticos e diferentes. Devido a esta particular caraterística, é possível termos de massa e de Yukawa para os neutrinos, com campos escalares que podem adquirir valores esperados do vácuo (VEVs) pertencendo a escalas de energia...
In this doctoral thesis axions, Majorons and neutrinos are considered into different electro weak extensions of the standar dmodel of the particle physics. Specifically, the two models considered are based on theSU(3)L ⊗U(1)X andSU(2)L⊗U(1)Y⊗ U(1)B−Lgaugesymmetries. Firstly, in the framework of a 3-3-1 model with a minimal scalar sector a detailed study concerning the implementation of the PQ symmetry in order to solve the strong CP problem is made. For the original version of the model, with only two scalar triplets, it is shown that the entire Lagrangian is invariant under a PQ-like symmetry but no axion is produced since aU(1) subgroup remains unbroken. Although in this case the strong CP problem can still be solved, the solution is largely disfavored since three quark states are left massless to all orders in perturbation theory. The addition of a third scalar triplet removes the massless quark states but the resulting axion is visible. In order to become realistic the model must be extended to account for massive quarks and invisible axion. It is shown that the addition of a scalar singlet together with aZN discrete gauge symmetry can successfully accomplish these tasks and protect the axion field against quantum gravitational effects. To make sure that the protecting discrete gauge symmetry is anomaly free, a discrete version of th eGreen-Schwarz mechanism is used. Secondly, an electroweak model based on the gauge symmetrySU(2)L ⊗U(1)Y⊗ U(1)B−L which has right-handed neutrinos with different quantum numbers is considered. Because of this particular feature it is possible to write Yukawa terms, and neutrino mass terms, with scalar fields that can develop VEVs belonging to different energy scales. A detailed study of the scalar and the Yukawa neutrino sectors is made to show that this model is compatible with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
In this doctoral thesis axions, Majorons and neutrinos are considered into different electro weak extensions of the standar dmodel of the particle physics. Specifically, the two models considered are based on theSU(3)L ⊗U(1)X andSU(2)L⊗U(1)Y⊗ U(1)B−Lgaugesymmetries. Firstly, in the framework of a 3-3-1 model with a minimal scalar sector a detailed study concerning the implementation of the PQ symmetry in order to solve the strong CP problem is made. For the original version of the model, with only two scalar triplets, it is shown that the entire Lagrangian is invariant under a PQ-like symmetry but no axion is produced since aU(1) subgroup remains unbroken. Although in this case the strong CP problem can still be solved, the solution is largely disfavored since three quark states are left massless to all orders in perturbation theory. The addition of a third scalar triplet removes the massless quark states but the resulting axion is visible. In order to become realistic the model must be extended to account for massive quarks and invisible axion. It is shown that the addition of a scalar singlet together with aZN discrete gauge symmetry can successfully accomplish these tasks and protect the axion field against quantum gravitational effects. To make sure that the protecting discrete gauge symmetry is anomaly free, a discrete version of th eGreen-Schwarz mechanism is used. Secondly, an electroweak model based on the gauge symmetrySU(2)L ⊗U(1)Y⊗ U(1)B−L which has right-handed neutrinos with different quantum numbers is considered. Because of this particular feature it is possible to write Yukawa terms, and neutrino mass terms, with scalar fields that can develop VEVs belonging to different energy scales. A detailed study of the scalar and the Yukawa neutrino sectors is made to show that this model is compatible with... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Neutrinos, Partículas (Física nuclear), Modelo padrão (Física nuclear), Interações fracas (Fisica nuclear), Higgs, Bosons de, Particles (Nuclear physics), Standard model (Nuclear physics), Weak interactions (Nuclear physics), Bosons
Como citar
SÁNCHEZ VEGA, Bruce Lehmann. Áxions, májorons e neutrinos em extensões do modelo padrão. 2011. 106 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Física Teórica, 2011.