Genotipagem de leveduras presentes no processo industrial de produção de álcool combustível e estudo do polimorfismo de genes envolvidos no processo fermentativo em Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Data
2012-07-31
Autores
Antonangelo, Ana Teresa Burlamaqui Faraco [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O Brasil é atualmente o maior produtor mundial de álcool de cana de açúcar, sendo responsável por uma produção anual de aproximadamente 27 bilhões de litros. O álcool é produzido através da fermentação do caldo de cana-de-açúcar e/ou melaço por células de levedura da espécie Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Embora, atualmente, muitas indústrias utilizem cepas selecionadas de S. cerevisiae como iniciadoras, a condição não estéril dos substratos torna este processo sujeito a constantes contaminações por bactérias e linhagens de leveduras nativas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae e não-Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Estas leveduras nativas dominam rapidamente a população iniciadora do processo por serem cepas genética e fisiologicamente adaptadas às condições daquele ambiente. Tais leveduras podem prejudicar o processo fermentativo, porém, algumas entre elas, podem apresentar características positivas. Atualmente no Brasil várias indústrias acompanham a dinâmica populacional da fermentação por cariotipagem. No entanto este método é dispendioso, demorado e pouco acurado quando se compara a outros métodos moleculares mais sensíveis. Este trabalho se propõe a utilizar a técnica de PCR microssatélite para diferenciar linhagens de leveduras presentes no processo de fermentação em usinas de álcool, acompanhar a dinâmica populacional de uma usina durante uma safra e estudar a diversidade genética e a estrutura populacional das cepas nativas presentes no processo industrial de produção do álcool combustível. O trabalho também visa investigar a presença de single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ou mutações de base única nas cepas nativas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae isoladas deste processo e relacioná-los à capacidade de floculação e à tolerância ao ambiente industrial estressante. Durante o trabalho...
Brazil is the major world producer of ethanol from sugar cane, producing about 27 billion liters of ethanol a year. Alcohol is the result of sugar cane juice/ molasses fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. Although many sugar mills in Brazil currently start the fermentation process by inoculating selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae commercial strains, it often occurs the incoming of bacteria, native Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeast strains because of its unsterile condition. In this process these indigenous strains outnumber the population inoculated and those which are genetically and physiologically better adapted tend to dominate. These strains may either show desirable fermentative qualities or not. The method currently used in Brazil to investigate sugar cane must population is electrophoresis karyotyping, however this method is expensive, time consuming and not very accurate when compared with other more sensitive molecular methods. This work aimed at using microsatellite PCR method for differentiating yeasts strains from alcohol plants fermentation process, monitoring population dynamic of a bioethanol fuel plant during a harvest season and studying the genetic diversity and population structure of native strains from bioethanol production industrial process. This work also aimed at investigating SNPs occurrence among Saccharomyces cerevisiae native strains that could be related with flocculation and stressful industrial environment tolerance. Twenty- four microsatellite loci were tested and 12 of them were polymorphic and capable of differentiating the commercial selected strains BG-1, CAT-1, PE-2 e SA-1 from each other and also capable of screening indigenous strains from the inoculated ones. Four loci were used for monitoring Usina São Manoel harvest season during 2008 where were observed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Brazil is the major world producer of ethanol from sugar cane, producing about 27 billion liters of ethanol a year. Alcohol is the result of sugar cane juice/ molasses fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells. Although many sugar mills in Brazil currently start the fermentation process by inoculating selected Saccharomyces cerevisiae commercial strains, it often occurs the incoming of bacteria, native Saccharomyces and non-Saccharomyces yeast strains because of its unsterile condition. In this process these indigenous strains outnumber the population inoculated and those which are genetically and physiologically better adapted tend to dominate. These strains may either show desirable fermentative qualities or not. The method currently used in Brazil to investigate sugar cane must population is electrophoresis karyotyping, however this method is expensive, time consuming and not very accurate when compared with other more sensitive molecular methods. This work aimed at using microsatellite PCR method for differentiating yeasts strains from alcohol plants fermentation process, monitoring population dynamic of a bioethanol fuel plant during a harvest season and studying the genetic diversity and population structure of native strains from bioethanol production industrial process. This work also aimed at investigating SNPs occurrence among Saccharomyces cerevisiae native strains that could be related with flocculation and stressful industrial environment tolerance. Twenty- four microsatellite loci were tested and 12 of them were polymorphic and capable of differentiating the commercial selected strains BG-1, CAT-1, PE-2 e SA-1 from each other and also capable of screening indigenous strains from the inoculated ones. Four loci were used for monitoring Usina São Manoel harvest season during 2008 where were observed... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Álcool - Combustível - Indústria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Leveduras (Fungos) - Engenharia genetica, Alcohol fuel industry
Como citar
ANTONANGELO, Ana Teresa Burlamaqui Faraco. Genotipagem de leveduras presentes no processo industrial de produção de álcool combustível e estudo do polimorfismo de genes envolvidos no processo fermentativo em Saccharomyces cerevisiae. 2012. 80 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, 2012.