Associação e seleção genômica para características relacionadas à eficiência reprodutiva de fêmeas da raça Nelore
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Data
2013-09-23
Autores
Costa, Raphael Bermal [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
As características reprodutivas são fundamentais ao melhoramento genético de bovinos de corte, pois impõem limites à intensidade de seleção, determinam o intervalo entre gerações e estão diretamente relacionadas com a economia do sistema. Com relação às fêmeas, um desafio é a identificação de características facilmente mensuráveis que sejam geneticamente relacionadas com a fertilidade. Objetivou-se com este estudo detectar polimorfismos de DNA associados a características reprodutivas de fêmeas da raça Nelore, bem como a avaliação de modelos para predição de valores genéticos a partir de dados genômicos. Para tanto, foram genotipadas 1853 fêmeas nascidas entre 2007 e 2009, utilizando-se SNPs de alta densidade Illumina Bovine HD assay (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA), e após a o controle de qualidade, foram utilizados 305.348 SNPs. No Capítulo 2, aplicou-se o modelo BAYESCπ para estimar os efeitos de marcadores e associá-los às características dias para o primeiro parto (DPP) e reconcepção de fêmeas primíparas (REC). Foram encontrados 42 SNPs significativos associados à REC e 13 para DPP. Esses SNPs explicam 11,32% da variância fenotípica da característica reconcepção de fêmeas primíparas e 3,48% da variância fenotípica da característica dias para o primeiro parto. Esses resultados permitirão montar painéis de baixa densidade específicos para a raça Nelore. No Capítulo 3, foram utilizados três modelos para estimação dos efeitos dos marcadores (para as características reconcepção de fêmeas primíparas, dias para o primeiro parto, idade ao primeiro parto e ocorrência de prenhez precoce): melhor estimador linear não viesado (GBLUP), BAYESCπ e Improved Bayesian least absolut shrinkage and selection operator (IBLASSO). As definições de variável dependente foram: a medida direta do fenótipo; fenótipo corrigido, valor genético e valor...
Reproductive traits are fundamental to genetic improvement of beef cattle as they impose limits on the selection intensity, determine the generation interval and are directly related to the economy of the system. With respect to the females, a challenge is to identify traits that are easily measurable and are genetically related to fertility. The objective of this study was to detect DNA polymorphisms associated with reproductive traits in Nellore females, as well as to evaluate models to predict breeding values from genomic data. So, 1853 females born between 2007 and 2009 were genotyped, using high-density SNP Illumina Bovine HD assay ( Illumina , San Diego , CA , USA ), and after quality control , 305,348 SNPs were used. In Chapter 2, BAYESCπ was applied to estimate the marker effects and associate them to the traits days to first calving (DFC), and heifers rebreeding (HR). 42 significant SNPs were associated with HRC and 13 to DFCD. These SNPs explain 11.32 % of the phenotypic variance of the trait HR and 3.48 % of the phenotypic variance of the trait DFC. These results will enable to create lowdensity panels specific to Nellore breed. In Chapter 3 , three models were used to estimate the effects of markers ( for traits heifers rebreeding, days to first calving, age at first calving, and occurrence of early pregnancy) : best linear unbiased estimator (GBLUP) BAYESCπ and Improved Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator ( IBLASSO ) . The definitions of the dependent variable were the direct measurement of the phenotype; corrected phenotype, breeding value and deregressed breeding value. BAYESCπ was most appropriate for estimation of the effects of SNPs and genomic values for all traits. The estimation of genomic values using the direct measurement of the dependent variable phenotype led to more accurate estimates of the genomic values
Reproductive traits are fundamental to genetic improvement of beef cattle as they impose limits on the selection intensity, determine the generation interval and are directly related to the economy of the system. With respect to the females, a challenge is to identify traits that are easily measurable and are genetically related to fertility. The objective of this study was to detect DNA polymorphisms associated with reproductive traits in Nellore females, as well as to evaluate models to predict breeding values from genomic data. So, 1853 females born between 2007 and 2009 were genotyped, using high-density SNP Illumina Bovine HD assay ( Illumina , San Diego , CA , USA ), and after quality control , 305,348 SNPs were used. In Chapter 2, BAYESCπ was applied to estimate the marker effects and associate them to the traits days to first calving (DFC), and heifers rebreeding (HR). 42 significant SNPs were associated with HRC and 13 to DFCD. These SNPs explain 11.32 % of the phenotypic variance of the trait HR and 3.48 % of the phenotypic variance of the trait DFC. These results will enable to create lowdensity panels specific to Nellore breed. In Chapter 3 , three models were used to estimate the effects of markers ( for traits heifers rebreeding, days to first calving, age at first calving, and occurrence of early pregnancy) : best linear unbiased estimator (GBLUP) BAYESCπ and Improved Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator ( IBLASSO ) . The definitions of the dependent variable were the direct measurement of the phenotype; corrected phenotype, breeding value and deregressed breeding value. BAYESCπ was most appropriate for estimation of the effects of SNPs and genomic values for all traits. The estimation of genomic values using the direct measurement of the dependent variable phenotype led to more accurate estimates of the genomic values
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bovino - Reprodução, Bovino de corte, Nelore (Zebu), Genômica, Polimorfismo (Genetica), Genetica animal, Animal genetics
Como citar
COSTA, Raphael Bermal. Associação e seleção genômica para características relacionadas à eficiência reprodutiva de fêmeas da raça Nelore. 2013. iv, 64 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, 2013.