Carta de sensibilidade ambiental para derramamentos de óleo em rodovias: proposta aplicada a Estrada dos Tamoios (SP-099)
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Data
2012-05-31
Autores
Martins, Patrick Thomaz de Aquino [UNESP]
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Concebida como parte dos planos individuais de emergência em caso de acidentes envolvendo derramamento de óleo, a Carta de Sensibilidade Ambiental para Derrames de Óleo (Carta SAO) constitui elemento norteador ao planejamento de ações de contingência. Por não possuir uma metodologia ao mapeamento da sensibilidade, os espaços ambientais adjacentes às rodovias se destacam como importantes áreas piloto para estudos de sensibilidade a derrames de óleo em ambientes terrestres, uma vez que a rodovia é um dos modais mais utilizados atualmente para o transporte de derivados de petróleo. Neste contexto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo propor uma metodologia para a elaboração de uma carta de sensibilidade ambiental a derrames de óleo nos espaços adjacentes às rodovias, apoiada em soluções geotecnológicas, aplicando a cinco áreas piloto, localizadas na Estrada dos Tamoios (SP-099). Foram utilizadas técnicas de fotointerpretação e geoprocessamento (compartimentação fisiográfica, modelo digital do terreno, geoestatística e mapeamento da cobertura vegetal e uso do solo), saídas de campo (ajustes nos produtos cartográficos e levantamento socioeconômico) e pesquisas bibliográficas (compilação de espécies faunísticas). Três elementos foram adotados para a composição das Cartas SAO: índices de sensibilidade, recursos faunísticos e mosaico socioeconômico. Baseado no sistema de Índice de Sensibilidade Ambiental (ISA) da National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), um sistema com dez classes foi composto, denominado Índice de Sensibilidade Terrestre (IST), observando as seguintes variáveis: declividade, textura e profundidade do perfil de alteração, profundidade do nível d'água (NA) e permeabilidade relativa. Nas Cartas SAO, foi adicionado o mapeamento da cobertura da...
Designed as part of individual emergency plans in case of accidents involving oil spills, the Environmental Sensitivity Map for Oil Spills is a key element to guide contingency planning. Because there is no sensitivity mapping method, the environmental spaces adjacent to the road are important as pilot areas for studies of oil spills in terrestrial environments, since the highway is one of the most widely used modes for carrying petroleum products. In this context, the objective of the present study was to propose a methodology for preparing an environmental sensitivity map for oil spills in areas adjacent to highways, supported by geotechnological solutions, applied in five pilot areas, located on the Tamoios Highway (SP- 099). The following were used: photointerpretation and GIS techniques (physiographic subdivision, digital terrain model, geostatistics, and mapping of land cover and land use), field trips (adjustments in social and economic survey and cartographic products) and bibliographic (compilation of animal species). Three elements were adopted for the composition of the Environmental Sensitivity Map for Oil Spills: sensitivity index, wildlife resources and social and economic mosaic. Based on the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), a ten-class system was elaborated, called the Terrestrial Sensitivity Index (STI), with the following variables: slope, soil texture and depth, water level depth (WLD) and relative permeability. In the Environmental Sensitivity Map for Oil Spills, mapping was added of theland cover and environmental sensitivity to oil of river environments present in the pilot areas. We identified about 600 animal species, belonging to six groups (Terrestrial Invertebrates, Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians, Birds and Fish). The social and economic mosaic identified... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Designed as part of individual emergency plans in case of accidents involving oil spills, the Environmental Sensitivity Map for Oil Spills is a key element to guide contingency planning. Because there is no sensitivity mapping method, the environmental spaces adjacent to the road are important as pilot areas for studies of oil spills in terrestrial environments, since the highway is one of the most widely used modes for carrying petroleum products. In this context, the objective of the present study was to propose a methodology for preparing an environmental sensitivity map for oil spills in areas adjacent to highways, supported by geotechnological solutions, applied in five pilot areas, located on the Tamoios Highway (SP- 099). The following were used: photointerpretation and GIS techniques (physiographic subdivision, digital terrain model, geostatistics, and mapping of land cover and land use), field trips (adjustments in social and economic survey and cartographic products) and bibliographic (compilation of animal species). Three elements were adopted for the composition of the Environmental Sensitivity Map for Oil Spills: sensitivity index, wildlife resources and social and economic mosaic. Based on the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), a ten-class system was elaborated, called the Terrestrial Sensitivity Index (STI), with the following variables: slope, soil texture and depth, water level depth (WLD) and relative permeability. In the Environmental Sensitivity Map for Oil Spills, mapping was added of theland cover and environmental sensitivity to oil of river environments present in the pilot areas. We identified about 600 animal species, belonging to six groups (Terrestrial Invertebrates, Mammals, Reptiles, Amphibians, Birds and Fish). The social and economic mosaic identified... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Derramamento de óleo, Geotecnologia ambiental, Petroleo - Transporte
Como citar
MARTINS, Patrick Thomaz de Aquino. Carta de sensibilidade ambiental para derramamentos de óleo em rodovias: proposta aplicada a Estrada dos Tamoios (SP-099). 2012. 171 f. Tese - (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, 2012.