Frutos de umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arruda): características físico-químicas durante seu desenvolvimento e na pós-colheita
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2007-07-25
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este trabalho foi conduzido em quatro etapas, visando acompanhar o desenvolvimento das características físico-químicas de frutos de umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arruda); estabelecer a curva de crescimento do fruto e aspectos pós-colheita dos frutos do umbuzeiro, objetivando estabelecer estratégias para melhor conservar os frutos, tendo em vista que o fruto desta fruteira, caracteriza-se como uma fruta exótica, já alcançando o mercado europeu. As plantas escolhidas, localizam-se na quadrícula 400 e 420 de Longitude (W. C) e 80 e 100 de Latitude Sul, sendo colhidos frutos de vinte plantas em cinco Unidades Geoambientais. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado e o arranjo, a depender da situação, fatorial aninhado (nested). Concluiu-se neste trabalho que os umbuzeiros presentes nas Unidades Geoambientais da Depressão Sertaneja, apresentam grande variabilidade fenotípica, manifestada pelo peso médio do fruto, peso médio da polpa, teor de vitamina C e acidez titulável. De acordo com a curva de crescimento do fruto, os estádios podem ser visualizados pelo peso do fruto e pela coloração da casca. O florescimento do umbuzeiro ocorre entre setembro e outubro, a fecundação das flores não ocorre todas de uma só vez, são fecundadas paulatinamente no decorrer de trinta dias, em média, fazendo com que a colheita se estenda entre vinte e trinta e cinco dias. A classificação proposta, dos estádios de desenvolvimento foi de 1FTV-F (fruto totalmente verde. Figa - caroço esbranquiçado, em formação), 2FTV-D (fruto totalmente verde. Devéz - caroço duro, ponto de umbuzeitona), 3FTV-In (fruto totalmente verde. Inchado - início da pigmentação), 4FPA-M-1 (fruto com predominância do amarelo - Maduro 1), 5FTA-M-2 (fruto totalmente amarelo - Maduro 2), 6FTA-P (fruto totalmente amarelo - Passado). O conteúdo de vitamina C no suco...
This work was carried out in four stages in order to follow the development of the physical and chemical characteristics of umbu tree fruits (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) and to establish the fruit growth curve and aspects of postharvest of umbu tree fruits with the goal to establish strategies to improve conservation of umbu fruits since it is an exotic fruit reaching the European markets. The fruits were harvested from twenty plants randomly chosen in five Geoambiental unities located in quadrants 400 and 420 of longitude (W. C) and 80 and 100 of south latitude. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial (nested) arrangement when necessary. The conclusion was that the umbu trees present in the Geoambiental unities showed high variability expressed by average of fruit weight, fruit pulp, vitamin C contents and titrable acidity. According to the fruit growth curve the stage can be observed by fruit weight and coloration of rind. The bloom of umbu tree occurs between September and October, the fecundation of flowers do not develop at one time but instead gradually on average of thirty days and harvest occur between twenty and thirty five days. The proposal classification of umbu trees stages was the following: 1FTV-F (fruit totally green. Figa - seed white in formation), 2FTV-D (fruit totally green Devez - hard seed, ponto de umbuzeitona), 3 FTV -In (fruit totally green. Swelled - start of pigmentation, 4FPA - M - 1 (fruit predominantly yellow - ripe 1), 5 FTA -M - 2 (fruit totally yellow - ripe 2), 6FTA - P (fruit totally yellow - over-ripe). The vitamin C contents in umbu juice varied from 41, 9g in 100 ml in stage 1FTV - F (figa) to 8,5g in 100 ml in stage 5 FTA-M-2 (ripe 2). The titrable acidity, quantity of citric acid, varied from 4,5g in 100g of juice in stage 1FTV-F (figa) to 1,4g in 100g of juice in stage 5 FTA-M-2 (ripe 2). The soluble solids given... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
This work was carried out in four stages in order to follow the development of the physical and chemical characteristics of umbu tree fruits (Spondias tuberosa Arruda) and to establish the fruit growth curve and aspects of postharvest of umbu tree fruits with the goal to establish strategies to improve conservation of umbu fruits since it is an exotic fruit reaching the European markets. The fruits were harvested from twenty plants randomly chosen in five Geoambiental unities located in quadrants 400 and 420 of longitude (W. C) and 80 and 100 of south latitude. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial (nested) arrangement when necessary. The conclusion was that the umbu trees present in the Geoambiental unities showed high variability expressed by average of fruit weight, fruit pulp, vitamin C contents and titrable acidity. According to the fruit growth curve the stage can be observed by fruit weight and coloration of rind. The bloom of umbu tree occurs between September and October, the fecundation of flowers do not develop at one time but instead gradually on average of thirty days and harvest occur between twenty and thirty five days. The proposal classification of umbu trees stages was the following: 1FTV-F (fruit totally green. Figa - seed white in formation), 2FTV-D (fruit totally green Devez - hard seed, ponto de umbuzeitona), 3 FTV -In (fruit totally green. Swelled - start of pigmentation, 4FPA - M - 1 (fruit predominantly yellow - ripe 1), 5 FTA -M - 2 (fruit totally yellow - ripe 2), 6FTA - P (fruit totally yellow - over-ripe). The vitamin C contents in umbu juice varied from 41, 9g in 100 ml in stage 1FTV - F (figa) to 8,5g in 100 ml in stage 5 FTA-M-2 (ripe 2). The titrable acidity, quantity of citric acid, varied from 4,5g in 100g of juice in stage 1FTV-F (figa) to 1,4g in 100g of juice in stage 5 FTA-M-2 (ripe 2). The soluble solids given... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Umbuzeiro, Pós-colheita, Post harvest
Como citar
CAMPOS, Clarismar de Oliveira. Frutos de umbuzeiro (Spondias tuberosa Arruda): características físico-químicas durante seu desenvolvimento e na pós-colheita. 2007. iv, 133 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, 2007.