Densidade de plantio e época de colheita no crescimento, produção e teor de filantina em Phyllanthus amarus
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2009-07-31
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O estudo foi realizado com a espécie Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonning. (Euphorbiaceae) também conhecido por “quebra-pedra”. Evidências científicas demonstram sua ação terapêutica contra a hepatite B, Aids e cálculos renais dentre outras. Atualmente a matéria, planta seca, é obtida via extrativismo com qualidade farmacológica e sanitária incerta. A ação contra cálculos renais é atribuída aos metabólitos presente no extrato aquoso das folhas, já a atividade antiviral é atribuída por alguns pela ação do complexo de substâncias presentes. As lignanas, especialmente a filantina e hipofilantina, são utilizadas como marcador de qualidade química da planta para este fim. A biossíntese das lignanas ocorre pela rota metabólica do ácido chiquímico envolvendo a felalanina, a enzima fenilalanina amônioliase e por fim o acido cinâmico. A rota metabólica do acido chiquimico bem como a atividade da fenilalanina amônioliase é dependente de fatores ecofisiológicos, do metabolismo do nitrogênio e de estresses ambientais. A densidade de plantio e idade de colheita afeta o microclima do dossel, a arquitetura, o ponto de competição por recursos, a produtividade de biomassa e, possivelmente, a qualidade química da planta. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é determinar a densidade ideal de cultivo e a idade de colheita do Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. genótipo CPQBA/UNICAMP 14, primando pela máxima qualidade química e produtividade. O experimento foi em blocos ao acaso sob esquema fatorial 4 x 6 sendo 4 espaçamentos entre plantas (0,05; 0,10; 0,20; 0,30 m x 0,5m entre linha) por 6 idades de colheita (30; 45; 60; 75; 90 e 105 dias após transplantio (DAT) com cinco repetições. O P. amarus apresentou dois ciclos fenológicos completos no período de 105 dias. O primeiro ciclo...
The present study was accomplished with the species Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) also known by stone-breaker . Scientific evidences demonstrate its therapeutic action against hepatitis B, SIDA and renal stones among others. Now the plant is obtained through extractivism and its pharmacology and sanitary quality is uncertain. The action against renal stones is attributed to the presence of chemical compound in the aqueous extract of the leaves'. The antiviral activity is already attributed to the action of the compound. The lignans, especially phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin has been used as marker of chemical quality of the plant for this aim. The biosynthesis of the lignans occurs in shikimic acid metabolic route starting with the participation of the, phenylalanine, phenilalanine ammonium liase and cinamic acid. The shikimic acid metabolic route and phenil alanine ammonium liase is highly dependent on ecophysiology factors, the metabolism of the nitrogen and of environmental stresses. The planting density and crop age have influence on architecture, the competition for resources and the biomass productivity, and possibly, the chemical quality of the plant. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the ideal density of cultivation and the age of crop of the Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. genotype CPQBA/UNICAMP 14, aiming to best chemical quality and productivity. The experiment was carried out in blocks to the under factorial design 4 x 6 being 4 spaces among plants (0,05; 0,10; 0,20; 0,30 m x 0,5m among lines) for 6 crop ages (30; 45; 60; 75; 90 and 105 days after planting (DAT)) with five repetitions. The species presented in the period of 105 days, two cycles, vegetative and reproductive, where the interval between 70 and 90 days... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
The present study was accomplished with the species Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. (Euphorbiaceae) also known by stone-breaker . Scientific evidences demonstrate its therapeutic action against hepatitis B, SIDA and renal stones among others. Now the plant is obtained through extractivism and its pharmacology and sanitary quality is uncertain. The action against renal stones is attributed to the presence of chemical compound in the aqueous extract of the leaves'. The antiviral activity is already attributed to the action of the compound. The lignans, especially phyllanthin and hypophyllanthin has been used as marker of chemical quality of the plant for this aim. The biosynthesis of the lignans occurs in shikimic acid metabolic route starting with the participation of the, phenylalanine, phenilalanine ammonium liase and cinamic acid. The shikimic acid metabolic route and phenil alanine ammonium liase is highly dependent on ecophysiology factors, the metabolism of the nitrogen and of environmental stresses. The planting density and crop age have influence on architecture, the competition for resources and the biomass productivity, and possibly, the chemical quality of the plant. Therefore, the objective of this work is to determine the ideal density of cultivation and the age of crop of the Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn. genotype CPQBA/UNICAMP 14, aiming to best chemical quality and productivity. The experiment was carried out in blocks to the under factorial design 4 x 6 being 4 spaces among plants (0,05; 0,10; 0,20; 0,30 m x 0,5m among lines) for 6 crop ages (30; 45; 60; 75; 90 and 105 days after planting (DAT)) with five repetitions. The species presented in the period of 105 days, two cycles, vegetative and reproductive, where the interval between 70 and 90 days... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Palavras-chave
Ecofisiologia vegetal, Plantas medicinais - Cultivo, Quebra-pedra
Como citar
ALMEIDA, Chrystian Iezid Maia e. Densidade de plantio e época de colheita no crescimento, produção e teor de filantina em Phyllanthus amarus. 2009. xvi, 98 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas de Botucatu, 2009.