Artigos - Fitotecnia, Tecnologia de Alimentos e Sócio Economia - FEIS

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  • ItemArtigo
    Common Bean Productivity and Micronutrients in the Soil–Plant System under Residual Applications of Composted Sewage Sludge
    (2023-06-01) Oliveira, Gabriela Souza de [UNESP]; Jalal, Arshad [UNESP]; Prates, Adrielle Rodrigues [UNESP]; Teixeira Filho, Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto [UNESP]; Alves, Rodrigo Silva [UNESP]; Silva, Luana Corrêa [UNESP]; Nascimento, Raimunda Eliane Nascimento do [UNESP]; Silva, Philippe Solano Toledo [UNESP]; Arf, Orivaldo [UNESP]; Galindo, Fernando Shintate [UNESP]; Oliveira, Fernando Carvalho; Abreu-Junior, Cassio Hamilton; Jani, Arun Dilipkumar; Capra, Gian Franco; Nogueira, Thiago Assis Rodrigues [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Tera Ambiental Ltda.; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Monterey Bay; Polo Bionaturalistico; Università degli Studi di Sassari
    Composted sewage sludge (CSS) is an organic fertilizer that can be used as a source of micronutrients in agriculture. However, there are few studies with CSS to supply micronutrients for the bean crop. We aimed to evaluate micronutrient concentrations in the soil and their effects on nutrition, extraction, export, and grain yield in response to CSS residual application. The experiment was carried out in the field at Selvíria-MS, Brazil. The common bean cv. BRS Estilo was cultivated in two agricultural years (2017/18 and 2018/19). The experiment was designed in randomized blocks with four replications. Six different treatments were compared: (i) four increasing CSS rates, i.e., CSS5.0 (5.0 t ha−1 of applied CSS, wet basis), CSS7.5, CSS10.0, CSS12.5; (ii) a conventional mineral fertilizer (CF); (iii) a control (CT) without CSS and CF application. The available levels of B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn were evaluated in soil samples collected in the 0–0.2 and 0.2–0.4 m soil surface horizons. The concentration, extraction, and export of micronutrients in the leaf and productivity of common beans were evaluated. The concentration of Cu, Fe, and Mn ranged from medium to high in soil. The available levels of B and Zn in the soil increased with the residual rates of CSS, which were statistically not different from the treatments with CF. The nutritional status of the common bean remained adequate. The common bean showed a higher requirement for micronutrients in the second year. The leaf concentration of B and Zn increased in the CSS7.5 and CSS10.0 treatments. There was a greater extraction of micronutrients in the second year. Productivity was not influenced by the treatments; however, it was higher than the Brazilian national average. Micronutrients exported to grains varied between growing years but were not influenced by treatments. We conclude that CSS can be used as an alternative source of micronutrients for common beans grown in winter.
  • ItemArtigo
    Nanozinc and plant growth-promoting bacteria improve biochemical and metabolic attributes of maize in tropical Cerrado
    (2023-01-12) Jalal, Arshad [UNESP]; Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo da Silva [UNESP]; Bastos, Andréa de Castro [UNESP]; Fernandes, Guilherme Carlos [UNESP]; de Lima, Bruno Horschut [UNESP]; Furlani Junior, Enes [UNESP]; de Carvalho, Pedro Henrique Gomes [UNESP]; Galindo, Fernando Shintate; Gato, Isabela Martins Bueno [UNESP]; Teixeira Filho, Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP)
    Introduction: Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPBs) could be developed as a sustainable strategy to promote plant growth and yield to feed the ever-growing global population with nutritious food. Foliar application of nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) is an environmentally safe strategy that alleviates zinc (Zn) malnutrition by improving biochemical attributes and storage proteins of grain. Methods: In this context, the current study aimed to investigate the combined effect of seed inoculation with PGPBs and foliar nano-ZnO application on the growth, biochemical attributes, nutrient metabolism, and yield of maize in the tropical savannah of Brazil. The treatments consisted of four PGPB inoculations [i.e., without inoculation, Azospirillum brasilense (A. brasilense), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), Pseudomonas fluorescens (P. fluorescens), which was applied on the seeds] and two doses of Zn (i.e., 0 and 3 kg ha−1, applied from nano-ZnO in two splits on the leaf). Results: Inoculation of B. subtilis with foliar ZnO application increased shoot dry matter (7.3 and 9.8%) and grain yield (17.1 and 16.7%) in 2019-20 and 2020-2021 crop seasons respectively. Inoculation with A. brasilense increased 100-grains weight by 9.5% in both crop seasons. Shoot Zn accumulation was improved by 30 and 51% with inoculation of P. fluorescens in 2019-20 and 2020-2021 crop seasons. Whereas grain Zn accumulation was improved by 49 and 50.7% with inoculation of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens respectively. In addition, biochemical attributes (chlorophyll a, b and total, carotenoids, total soluble sugar and amino acids) were improved with inoculation of B. subtilis along with foliar nano ZnO application as compared to other treatments. Co-application of P. fluorescens with foliar ZnO improved concentration of grains albumin (20 and 13%) and globulin (39 and 30%). Also, co-application of B. subtilis and foliar ZnO improved concentration of grains glutelin (8.8 and 8.7%) and prolamin (15 and 21%) in first and second seasons. Discussion: Therefore, inoculation of B. subtilis and P. fluorescens with foliar nano-ZnO application is considered a sustainable and environmentally safe strategy for improving the biochemical, metabolic, nutritional, and productivity attributes of maize in tropical Savannah regions.
  • ItemArtigo
    Maximum shear modulus estimative from SPT for some Brazilian tropical soils
    (2023-01-01) Rocha, Breno Padovezi; da Silva, Bruno Canoza; Giacheti, Heraldo Luiz [UNESP]; Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Maximum shear modulus (G0) has been used in various geotechnical jobs (e.g., seismic site assessment, machine vibration and pile driven). Laboratory and in situ determination of G0 is not a current practice in Brazil. G0 can be estimated from empirical correlations based on in situ tests like Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and Cone Penetration Test (CPT) in the preliminary design phase. Several empirical correlations to estimate G0 from SPT N value have been developed and are available in the literature. However, most of these correlations were established based on experience with well-behaved soils formed in temperate and glacial zones, which may not always be used for tropical soils. This paper assessed and discussed the applicability of some correlations for G0 estimative from SPT data in lateritic and saprolitic soils. The classical correlations for sedimentary soils underestimated G0 of tropical soils. After updating the database, the tropical soils correlations reasonably estimated G0 for the lateritic ones, which was not the case for the saprolitic soils. It was observed that differentiating the soils only as lateritic or saprolitic was not adequate for a good G0 estimate for the saprolitic sandy soils. It was found that only the lateritic soils correlation can be used with caution as a preliminary attempt to estimate G0 from SPT N value in soils with similar characteristics to the ones presented in this paper.
  • ItemArtigo
    In vitro germination of passion fruit seeds in the function of tegument removal and culture media
    (2023-01-01) Faria, Glaucia A. [UNESP]; Lopes, Beatriz G.; Suares-Rocha, Paula [UNESP]; Ferreira, Antonio F. A.; Maltoni, Katia L. [UNESP]; Silvério Junior, Luiz H.; Pigari, Lucas B. [UNESP]; Felizardo, Lucas M. [UNESP]; Furlani Júnior, Enes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Faculdade Centro Mato-grossense/Departamento de Agronomia
    The presence of salts in the culture medium and the addition of phytohormones, necessary to break seed dormancy in the in vitro germination of passion fruit, can induce critical values of osmotic potential. This can change the membrane permeability of seeds, affecting the hydration rate, enzyme release, ion transport, pH, and inhibitor values, which may decrease germination percentage. The aim of this study was to evaluate different types of culture media, composed of other substances, combined with mechanical techniques of tegument removal to determine the most appropriate culture medium for the in vitro germination of Passiflora edulis (Sims flavicarpa Deg.) seeds obtained by open pollination. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 10 × 3 factorial scheme (10 culture media × three types of seed-intact, scarified, and cut), with eight replicates and five seeds per plot. Scarified seeds cultivated in a medium composed of a commercial substrate and gibberellic acid presented a higher percentage of germination than intact or cut seeds cultivated in different concentrations of Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium. Scarification is a satisfactory method for breaking the dormancy of passion fruit seeds, and commercial substrates Bioflora® enriched with gibberellic acid may replace in vitro germination.
  • ItemArtigo
    Selection of desirable characters for papaya genetic improvement programs associated with hydric and thermal stress
    (2023-01-01) Costa, Taís F. [UNESP]; Lopes, Beatriz G.; Faria, Glaucia A. [UNESP]; Ribeiro, Otavio A. P. da S. [UNESP]; Suares-Rocha, Paula [UNESP]; de Lima, Juliana F.; Felizardo, Lucas M. [UNESP]; Furlani Junior, Enes [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia
    Papaya cultivation is widespread in Brazil, particularly in the states of Bahia and Espírito Santo, where most commercial plantations are concentrated. Owing to the economic and social importance of papaya, the present study aimed to determine the explanatory variables between the genotypes of two cultivars: Golden (from the Soil group) and Tainung Nº 1 hybrid (from the Formosa group), cultivated under high temperatures and hydric stress. The genotypes containing more desirable agronomic characteristics were identified for use in plant genetic improvement programs. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to select the desirable genotypes for Golden and Tainung Nº 1 cultivars based on specific variables analyzed for two groups of variables; for group 1, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and leaf number were analyzed, whereas for group 2, the leaf and root dry mass, stem dry mass and fresh mass of 10 discs, fresh mass, and stem and root fresh mass were analyzed. When exposed to hydric and thermal stress, the Tainung Nº 1 cultivar outperformed the Golden cultivar for the evaluation characteristics selected for use in genetic improvement programs.
  • ItemArtigo
    Effect of mycorrhizae on phosphate fertilization efficiency and maize growth under field conditions
    (2023-12-01) de Souza Buzo, Fernando [UNESP]; Garé, Lucas Martins [UNESP]; Garcia, Nayara Fernanda Siviero [UNESP]; de Andrade Silva, Maura Santos Reis [UNESP]; Martins, Juliana Trindade; da Silva, Pedro Henrique Giova [UNESP]; Meireles, Flávia Constantino [UNESP]; de Souza Sales, Leticia Zylmennith [UNESP]; Nogales, Amaia; Rigobelo, Everlon Cid [UNESP]; Arf, Orivaldo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Aarhus University; University of Lisboa
    Phosphorus (P) is a plant macronutrient that is indispensable for maize (Zea mays L.) production. However, P is difficult to manage in weathered soils, and its fertilization practice has low efficiency because it becomes unavailable for absorption by plant roots. Symbiosis of plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi increases plant growth and enhances P uptake from the soil that is not directly available to the roots. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine how inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices and phosphate fertilization interacts and influences the development and productivity of second-crop maize. The experiment was conducted in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, in 2019 and 2020, both in a Typic Haplorthox. A randomized block design in subdivided plots was used for the phosphate application during crop sowing (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% concentrations of the recommended level), and the secondary treatments were the doses of mycorrhizal inoculant (0, 60, 120 and 180 g ha−1) applied to the seed using a dry powder inoculant containing 20,800 infectious propagules per gram of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus R. intraradices. Only in the first year of the experiment, inoculation and phosphate fertilization promoted benefits to the maize crop, indicating potential to increase yield.
  • ItemArtigo
    Biological N fixation activity in soybean can be estimated based on nodule dry weight and is increased by additional inoculation
    (2022-12-01) Martins, Juliana Trindade [UNESP]; Rasmussen, Jim; Eriksen, Jørgen; Arf, Orivaldo [UNESP]; De Notaris, Chiara; Moretti, Luiz Gustavo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Aarhus University; Fondazione Centro Euro-Mediterraneo sui Cambiamenti Climatici
    The response of soybean to biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) varies due to factors such as plant variety, soil, and environmental conditions, which can compromise the N2 fixation capacity. The objective of this study was to evaluate additional inoculation with B. japonicum at different soybean growth stages as a strategy to improve N2 fixation. This was determined by studying plant nodulation and BNF with the isotope dilution method. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in a soil without soybean cropping history. Inoculated soybean increased nodulation, plant biomass, BNF and yield components compared to un-inoculated soybean. Additional inoculation at the V3 growth stage showed promising results by maintaining BNF at later growth stages. A strong correlation was observed between nodule dry weight and N2 fixation, providing an easily available method to estimate differences in BNF activity between treatments. Moreover, efficient nodulation is crucial to sustain high yields with BNF, as shown by the correlation between nodule dry weight and pod dry weight.
  • ItemArtigo
    Contribution of landraces for the fulfillment of Agroecology principles: diagnosis of their production and use in rural settlements in the Territory of Prof. Cory/Andradina-SP
    (Univ Fed Goias, Inst Estudos Socio-ambientais, 2022-08-01) Silva, Debora Pavani [UNESP]; Sant'Ana, Antonio Lazaro [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Landraces and the knowledge that family farmers have developed about how to cultivate them are important factors in developing sustainable agricultural production, in multidimensional terms. In this work, the objective was to diagnose the production of landraces in the rural settlements in the Territory of Prof. Cory/Andradina-SP and analyze its possible relation to the agroecological transition process. To this end, a semi-open questionnaire was applied in the form of an interview, with 55 guardians identified by the snowball method, in 24 settlements. It was found that the landraces cultivated by the guardians of the Territory can be considered a gateway to the agroecological transition because they allow the fulfillment of the principles of Agroecology, in terms of food security, productive autonomy, biodiversity conservation, and commercialization in short circuits.
  • ItemArtigo
    Composted Sewage Sludge Sustains High Maize Productivity on an Infertile Oxisol in the Brazilian Cerrado
    (2022-08-01) Prates, Adrielle Rodrigues [UNESP]; Kawakami, Karen Cossi [UNESP]; Coscione, Aline Renée; Filho, Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira [UNESP]; Arf, Orivaldo [UNESP]; Abreu-Junior, Cassio Hamilton; Oliveira, Fernando Carvalho; Moreira, Adônis; Galindo, Fernando Shintate; He, Zhenli; Jani, Arun Dilipkumar; Capra, Gian Franco; Ganga, Antonio; Nogueira, Thiago Assis Rodrigues [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Campinas Agronomic Institute; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Tera Ambiental Ltda; Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA); University of Florida; California State University; Università degli Studi di Sassari
    Mato Grosso do Sul State in Brazil is characterized by the ‘Cerrado’ ecoregion, which is the most biologically rich Savannah globally. In agricultural terms, the region produces several commodities that are exported around the world. This level of productivity has been achieved through the large-scale use of synthetic fertilizers, which has created several economic and environmental concerns. New approaches in soil fertility management are required to avoid environmental degradation, pollution, and socio-environmental damages. A field experiment, lasting two years, was conducted to investigate the composted sewage sludge (CSS) effects on an infertile acidic soil (Oxisol) planted to maize (Zea mays L.). The following complete randomized complete block design with a 4 × 2 + 2 factorial scheme (four replications) was applied: four CSS increasing rates (from 5.0 to 12.5 Mg ha−1, w.b.) following two application methods (whole area and between crop rows). A control, without CSS or synthetic fertilizers, and conventional synthetic fertilization without CSS were also investigated. Evaluated parameters were: (i) soil and leaf micronutrient concentrations; (ii) maize development, yield, and production. The CSS application increased: (i) the concentration of micronutrients in both soil and leaves; and (ii) the crop yield. Both were particularly true at the higher CSS applied rates. Such organic fertilizer can be safely used as a source of micronutrients for crops as an important low-cost and environmentally friendly alternative to mineral fertilizers, thus safeguarding soil health.
  • ItemArtigo
    IMPACT OF SOWING DATES ON THE YIELD EFFICIENCY OF UPLAND RICE CULTIVARS
    (2022-02-16) Meirelles, Flávia Constantino [UNESP]; Arf, Orivaldo [UNESP]; Garcia, Nayara Fernanda Siviero [UNESP]; Takasu, Anderson Teruo [UNESP]; Buzo, Fernando de Souza [UNESP]; Portugal, José Roberto [UNESP]; Portugal, Amanda Ribeiro Peres [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    The choice of cultivars adapted to different regions and the determination of the best sowing dates are indispensable tools for crop development. This allows the installation of the crop in times favorable to its development, as well as cultivars that manage to reach their maximum yield potential. The objective of this study was to determine the best sowing dates and the cultivars that can adapt to the low-altitude Cerrado region and have the best development and yield efficiency. The experiment was conducted on a typical clayey dystrophic Red Latosol soil. The experimental design was in randomized blocks in a factorial scheme, comprised by four sowing dates during the spring/summer season (October, November, December, and February) and in each sowing date there were eight upland rice cultivars (BRS Esmeralda, ANa 6005, ANa 5015, IPR 117, IAC 203, IAC 500, ANa 7211 and BRSGO Serra Dourada) with four replicates. Sowing in October and November benefited the aerial dry mass and the spikelets fertility however, sowing in November provided higher plant height, which caused lodging in plants. Sowing in December caused the incidence of scald, mainly affecting the cultivar ANa 7211. For all cultivars, sowing in October favored the yield efficiency of upland rice in the low-altitude Cerrado, followed by sowing in November. The cultivars which demonstrated higher yield efficiency in the conditions of the region were BRS Esmeralda and ANa 5015.
  • ItemResenha
    5-year Effects of Potassium Fertilization Levels on Nutrition Balance and Yield in the Maize/Soybean Succession
    (2022-01-01) Bossolani, João William [UNESP]; Meneghette, Hugo Henrique Andrade [UNESP]; Sanches, Izabela Rodrigues [UNESP]; Dos Santos, Fabiana Lopes [UNESP]; Parra, Lucas Fenelon [UNESP]; Lazarini, Edson [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Potassium (K)-based fertilizers are highly demanded in crop systems, as they are one of the elements most required by plants. Due to the high rates of K-fertilizers applied consecutively in agriculture and the doubts generated as to their permanence in soil and possible negative effects in a subsequent crop, there is a need for long-term studies that evaluate the residual effect of applications of these fertilizers on nutritional status and yield crops that make up the crop system. This study aimed to verify the effect of K-fertilizer doses applied in topdressing in maize on crop nutrition and yield, as well as soybean in succession. Nine doses of K2O (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120 and 150 kg ha−1) were applied to maize. The nutritional status and yield components were evaluated. Our results reveal the beneficial effect of applications, between 70 and 80 kg K2O ha−1 on maize nutrition and yield, as well as on soybean in succession. Consecutive K2O application in doses over 90 kg ha−1, strongly reduce the levels of leaf Ca and Mg in maize and soybean leaves and their respective grain yields.
  • ItemArtigo
    Intercropping of upland rice with green manures in the Brazilian Cerrado
    (2022-01-01) Meirelles, Flávia Constantino [UNESP]; Cavalcante, Adailza Guilherme [UNESP]; Gonzaga, Alex Rangel [UNESP]; Filla, Vinícius Augusto [UNESP]; Coelho, Anderson Prates [UNESP]; Lemos, Leandro Borges [UNESP]; Arf, Orivaldo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Cereals and green manures intercropping contributes to sustainable agriculture as it combines food production with biomass for soil cover formation. This study aimed to evaluate the intercropping of rice and green manures effects on the agronomic and qualitative performance of rice, as well as dry mass yield for the no-tillage system. A two-year experiment with 8 treatments: rice as sole crop or intercropped with Arachis pintoi, Calopogonium mucunoides, Crotalaria breviflora, Crotalaria spectabilis, Stylosanthes capitata and macrocephala, Canavalia ensiformis, and Cajanus cajan was conducted in the Brazilian Cerrado region. The results showed that the shoot dry mass and height of plants was affected by the cultivated species. Rice intercropped with A.pintoi, C.mucunoides, C.breviflora, C.spectabilis and S.capitata and macrocephala promoted yield and grain quality similar to those found with rice as sole crop. Intercropping systems of rice with C.spectabilis, C.ensiformis and C.cajan increased the number of unfilled spikelets and reduced the number of filled spikelets and yield by 33, 24 and 58%, respectively. Intercropping systems with A.pintoi, C.mucunoides, C.breviflora, C.spectabilis, C.ensiformis and C.cajan produced adequate dry mass for the maintenance of soil cover in quality no-tillage system.
  • ItemArtigo
    Sowing date changes phenological development, plastochron index, and grain yield of soybeans under Cerrado conditions1
    (2022-01-01) Bossolani, João W. [UNESP]; Meneghette, Hugo H. A. [UNESP]; Sanches, Izabela R. [UNESP]; Dos Santos, Fabiana L. [UNESP]; Parra, Lucas F. [UNESP]; Lazarini, Edson [UNESP]; Research developed at Selvíria; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    The sowing date is a crop management practice that affects soybean development and grain yield, and is directly related to the genotype and cycle type. Our objective was to evaluate phenological development as a function of photoperiodic responses, plastrochron index, and grain yield in three soybean cultivars with different growth cycles sown on three sowing dates. The study was conducted in Selvíria, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, using a split-plot design with the main plots arranged in blocks with four replications. The main plots included three sowing dates, 15 days apart, beginning on November 15, and the subplots were composed of three cultivars: BMX Turbo RR (extra-early cycle), BMX Potência RR (early cycle), and TMG 1180 RR (medium cycle). Delayed sowing increased the plastochron index and reduced the growth cycle duration, plant height, node number of the main stem, and pod number per plant. We found that cultivars with longer cycles were more suitable for delayed sowing, had improved vegetative and reproductive development, and had higher grain yields than those with shorter periods. The second sowing date was most suitable for soybean cultivation in this region.
  • ItemArtigo
    Effects of Chemical Fertilization and Microbial Inoculum on Bacillus subtilis Colonization in Soybean and Maize Plants
    (2022-07-06) Bueno, Clara Barros [UNESP]; dos Santos, Roberta Mendes [UNESP]; de Souza Buzo, Fernando [UNESP]; de Andrade da Silva, Maura Santos Reis [UNESP]; Rigobelo, Everlon Cid [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Plant growth-promoting endophytic microorganisms in agriculture have been expanding in Brazil and are an excellent strategy to face the challenges of current agriculture, such as reducing production costs with fewer environmental impacts, without detriment to productivity. However, little is known about the factors that can affect the colonization of endophytic such as inoculant concentration and mineral fertilization. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of these factors on soybean and maize crops and found that for soybean crops, the highest Bacillus subtilis concentration of 1 × 104 and 1 × 1010 CFU ml−1 promoted the highest number of recovered bacteria, when there was no mineral fertilization. However, mineral fertilization limited the number of recovered bacteria, suggesting that mineral fertilization interferes with endophytic colonization. For maize crops, the highest number of recovered bacteria occurred from the concentration of 1 × 106 CFU ml−1, not differing from the highest concentrations. A mineral fertilization dose of 25% promoted the greatest B. subtilis recovery compared to the other treatments. Regarding plant development, the highest microbial inoculum concentrations did not necessarily promote greater positive growth promotion effects compared to the concentration of 1 × 104 CFU ml−1 for both crops. The results also suggest that the higher number of endophytic bacteria recovered in the plant does not necessarily affect plant growth in the same proportion. For soybean plants, there is a strong tendency that with the increase in the B. subtilis inoculant concentration, the need for mineral fertilization doses to achieve the same plant development is consequently increased, and inoculations with 1 × 105 and 1 × 106 CFU ml−1 with fertilization doses between 44% and 62% are the ideal combinations for greater plant development. In maize plants, the best growth promotion response (height) was obtained using inoculation concentration of 1 × 102 and 1 × 1010 CFU ml−1, increasing according to the increase in fertilization doses. The findings suggest, for soybean crop, that these high inoculum concentrations required more photosynthetic metabolites from the plants and more nutrients from the soil. Thus, the need for mineral fertilization for plant growth must be increased.
  • ItemArtigo
    Cover Crops and Mechanical Scarification in the Yield and Industrial Quality of Upland Rice
    (2022-06-30) Nascimento, Vagner do [UNESP]; Arf, Orivaldo [UNESP]; Alves, Marlene Cristina [UNESP]; Souza, Epitácio José de; Silva, Paulo Ricardo Teodoro da; Kaneko, Flávio Hiroshi; Teixeira Filho, Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto [UNESP]; Jalal, Arshad [UNESP]; Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo da Silva [UNESP]; Sabundjian, Michelle Traete; Ferrari, Samuel [UNESP]; Prado, Evandro Pereira [UNESP]; Lustosa Sobrinho, Renato; Al-Hashimi, Abdulrahman; Okla, Mohammad Kheir; Alwasel, Yasmeen Abdelrhaman; AbdElgawad, Hamada; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Faculty Objective; Chapadão Foundation; Federal Institute of Triangulo Mineiro (IFTM); Faculty of Social and Agrarian Sciences of Itapeva; Federal University of Technology—Paraná (UTFPR); King Saud University; University of Antwerp
    Mechanical soil scarification and cover crops cultivation are promising tools to minimize surface soil layer compaction in no-tillage systems. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effects of mechanical soil scarification associated with predecessor and successive growth of cover crops on grain yield and industrial quality of upland rice in a no-tillage system. The research was carried out in randomized block design in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme with four replications in a Rhodic Haplustox soil with a clayey texture. The treatments consisted of five cover crops (Cajanus cajan, Crotalaria juncea, Urochloa ruziziensis, Pennisetum glaucum and fallow) andmechanical soil scarification (without and with). The fallow and C. cajan as a cover crop in mechanical soil scarification increased number of panicles plant−1 while cultivation of C. cajan, P. glaucum and C. juncea as covers crop in without scarification increased number of grains panicle−1, total number of grains panicle−1 and filled grains. Rice milling yield was increased in mechanical soil scarification regardless of the cover crop as well as scarification, and C. cajan as covers crop has increased grain yield of upland rice.
  • ItemArtigo
    Phosphate Fertilization and Mycorrhizal Inoculation Increase Corn Leaf and Grain Nutrient Contents
    (2022-07-01) Buzo, Fernando de Souza [UNESP]; Garcia, Nayara Fernanda Siviero [UNESP]; Garé, Lucas Martins [UNESP]; Gato, Isabela Martins Bueno [UNESP]; Martins, Juliana Trindade [UNESP]; Martins, José Otávio Masson [UNESP]; Morita, Pamela Roberta de Souza [UNESP]; Silva, Maura Santos Reis de Andrade [UNESP]; Sales, Letícia Zylmennith de Souza [UNESP]; Nogales, Amaia; Rigobelo, Everlon Cid [UNESP]; Arf, Orivaldo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de Lisboa
    The agricultural use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, such as Rhizoglomus intraradices, can increase the efficiency of phosphate fertilization for the benefit of the corn plant and grain nutrition. In this study, a field experiment was conducted in an area of Selvíria/MS, Brazil, in the years 2019 and 2020, to verify the effects of reduced doses of phosphorus combined with the inoculation of corn seed with R. intraradices on corn plant growth and grain nutrient contents. The experiment was laid in a randomized block design in subdivided plots with four repetitions and twenty treatments resulting from combining five doses of P2O5 (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the recommended dose) with four doses (0, 60, 120, and 180 g ha−1) of an inoculant containing R. intraradices. Leaf and kernel macro-and micronutrient contents were evaluated. The foliar P content in 2020 was a function of the interaction between phosphate fertilization and AMF inoculation, with the highest leaf P content observed at the 100% of P2O5 combined with AMF inoculation between 120 and 140 g ha−1. In the grains Mg content, an interaction was observed between the two factors in 2020 and the response surface, showing that the highest Mg content was obtained when maximum doses of P2O5 and maximum doses of inoculant were combined. A response surface showed that, in 2020, the highest leaf Zn content occurred when 35–55% P2O5 is applied with no inoculation and when P2O5 is limited to 20–30%, and there is inoculation with doses between 90 and 150 g ha−1. Phosphate fertilization increased foliar K (2019) and Mg (2020) contents, with maximum points at doses of 76.57% and 88.80%, respectively.
  • ItemArtigo
    Chemical seed treatment and mycorrhizal inoculation provide better development and nutrition of common bean plants
    (2022-07-01) Buzo, Fernando de Souza [UNESP]; Garé, Lucas Martins [UNESP]; Garcia, Nayara Fernanda Siviero [UNESP]; Silva, Maura Santos Reis de Andrade da [UNESP]; Silva, Pedro Henrique Giova da [UNESP]; Morita, Pamela Roberta de Souza [UNESP]; Correa, Juliana Barboza [UNESP]; Martins, Juliana Trindade [UNESP]; Rigobelo, Everlon Cid [UNESP]; Nogales, Amaia; Arf, Orivaldo [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Universidade de Lisboa
    BACKGROUND: Chemical seed treatment is an established practice in agriculture to protect crops from soil-borne pathogens and pests. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) benefit plants by extending soil exploration as well as water and nutrient uptake. The objective of this work was to analyze the effects of combinations of seed treatments with doses of inoculant containing Rhizoglomus intraradices on vegetative development, root colonization and nutrition of Phaseolus vulgaris plants and soil microbiota. RESULTS: Seed treatment benefited the vegetative development and nutrition of beans, with the treatments metalaxyl + fludioxonil + tiabendazole and pyraclostrobin + thiophanate methyl + fipronil standing out regarding the contents of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) of the aerial parts. Mycorrhizal inoculation linearly increased dehydrogenase activity, root biomass and total plant biomass, with increments reaching 27%. There was an interaction between seed treatment and inoculation dose for aboveground biomass and the contents of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), manganese (Mn) and root colonization, with expressive results for the combination of the two highest doses of inoculant with metalaxyl + fludioxonil + tiabendazole or pyraclostrobin + methylthiophanate + fipronil in the seeds. CONCLUSION: Chemical seed treatment and mycorrhizal inoculation benefited bean plants and their nutritional status. The best combinations for the bean crop were metalaxyl + fludioxonil + tiabendazole with 41.4 mg of the inoculant per 100 seeds and pyraclostrobin + thiophanate methyl + fipronil with 62.1 mg of the inoculant per 100 seeds. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
  • ItemArtigo
    Technical and economic analysis of recovery systems for pastures with Urochloa brizantha CV. Marandu
    (2022-01-01) Barbieri, Rayner Sversut; Troleis, Maria Julia Betiolo [UNESP]; Souza, Paulino Taveira de [UNESP]; Rodrigues, Bruno Henrique Volpato [UNESP]; Sabbag, Omar Jorge [UNESP]; Montanari, Rafael [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    Pasture recovery by the re-composition of soil fertility has low operational costs, although studies are required to compare it to application systems at variable rates within planning and development of a region. Research evaluates economically the recovery of soil fertility of a degraded pasture in two production systems: the conventional system (CS) and precision agriculture (PA), by simulation, with estimate of costs and respective rentability coupled to recovery practices in Selvíria MS Brazil. A bio-economic simulation was employed and costs were classified according to the methodology of the Institute of Agricultural Economy of São Paulo. CS and PA recovery showed 5.41% and 6.42% gain respectively, with cost price @-1 of R$205.96 and R$203.54 for CS and PA, respectively. Due to valorization of @ during the last year, both systems revealed a feasible economic return according to the estimates given. When regions cultivated with PA and CS are compared, probably more reliable results are obtained coupled to better perspectives in larger areas.
  • ItemArtigo
    Productivity, adaptability, and stability in Guazuma crinita progeny tests across three environments in the Aguaytia River Basin, Ucayali, Peru
    (Sciendo, 2022-01-01) Revilla-Chavez, Jorge Manuel; Moraes, Marcela Aparecida de [UNESP]; Pinchi-Ramirez, Mack Henry; Sebbenn, Alexandre Magno [UNESP]; Inst Invest Amazonia Peruana IIAP; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP); Univ Nacl Ucayali; Inst Florestal Sao Paulo
    Guazuma crinita is a fast-growing tree with potential for use in agroforestry systems, due to its rapid wood production, which can contribute significantly to the livelihoods of small-scale farmers in the Peruvian Amazon. However, indiscriminate logging due to high demand is leading to the disappearance of natural forests. As such, the International Council for Research in Agroforestry (ICRAF) began a domestication program to reduce pressure on natural populations of the species. The objective of the present study was to use analyses of genetic parameters, adaptability (PRVG), productivity (MHPRVG), and stability (MHVG), to select G. crinita genotypes from a three-year-old progeny test established in the Aguaytia River Basin, in Ucayali, Peru. The test was established in three different sites, with three blocks, 200 progeny per block, and two individuals per plot. The measured traits were diameter at breast height (DBH), total height (H), and total aerial biomass (B). Significant differences in traits between progenies were detected, but with no genotype x environment interaction (GxE). However, the genotypic correlation among sites was important (> 0.702), suggesting that genetic improvement is possible by selecting the same progeny across sites. The mean heritability among progenies was moderate for all traits (0.34-0.369) and selective precision through combined site analysis was relatively high (0.583-0.608). Based on selection for DBH through combined analysis, MHVG, PRVG, and MHPRVG, 50 superior progenies (25.9 %) were identified for all environments. These should be prioritized in breeding programs as they can offer stable genetic variability for future selection cycles.
  • ItemArtigo
    Economic analysis of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) cultivation in the region of ariquemes-ro, brazil
    (2021-08-01) Meante, Raica Esteves Xavier [UNESP]; de Sá, Marco Eustáquio [UNESP]; Costa, Silvia Maria Almeida Lima [UNESP]; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
    The scope of this article was to carry out the economic analysis of three fish farming projects, endowed with different technological standards with the description of the production process of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), a native species in the Amazon. The research was carried out in the municipality of Ariquemes, considered the largest captive fish production hub in the state of Rondônia. To carry out this research, the technique of data collection of indirect documentation and interviews with fish producers was used, using a semi-structured questionnaire, in addition to visits to the enterprises. The economic viability was configured for the three fish farms, here called X, Y and Z with profitability indexes of 27.25%, 29.75% and 25%, respectively. The IRR ranged from 12.98% to 14.98% and the simple payback ranged from 5.46 to 6.84 years. The Y fish farm, which holds the most advanced technologies, achieved the highest productivity per area and showed better economic indices, proving a positive response to efforts to improve the technological packages adopted. The sensitivity analysis considered seven different scenarios and the projects proved to be viable up to a 10% increase in production costs with normal revenues.