Aspectos ecológicos de Boophilus microplus (CANESTRINI, 1887) (ACARINA: IXODIDAE) no município de Franca, nordeste de São Paulo
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Data
2008-03-28
Autores
Pereira, Amílcar Alarcon [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Boophilus microplus, o carrapato do boi, é uma espécie originária do sudeste da Ásia e introduzida no Brasil com a colonização. Atualmente, este ectoparasita possui uma distribuição ampla no país e causa prejuízos econômicos consideráveis. Até o presente, o controle do B. microplus baseiase na aplicação de acaricidas quando o número de carrapatos no hospedeiro é elevado. O conhecimento prévio da ecologia do carrapato em cada região, porém, permitiria um controle estratégico otimizando o uso de acaricidas. Nestas condições, o custo da utilização dos acaricidas diminuiria pelo uso em momento mais eficaz, a contaminação ambiental decresceria pelo uso menos freqüente e a vida útil dos produtos acaricidas seria prolongada. Por este motivo, neste projeto foi realizada uma análise bioecológica do B. microplus na região de Franca, nordeste do Estado São Paulo. Estudando a fase de vida livre do carrapato, determinou-se o período de pré-eclosão (P.E.), tempo entre o desprendimento das teleóginas e o surgimento das primeiras larvas, e a longevidade como tempo total entre a eclosão e o desaparecimento (morte) das últimas. O valor máximo de P.E. (n = 112 dias) foi observado no final da estação seca, em setembro/2006, enquanto o valor mínimo foi de 63 dias em fevereiro de 2007, sendo obtido um valor médio de 83,6 dias. A longevidade (LONG.) máxima das larvas foi de 63 dias, atingida em maio/2006, observada no final da estação chuvosa, e a mínima foi de 7 dias constatada em dezembro de 2005, sendo obtido um valor médio de 21,9 dias. Constatou-se uma grande influência da temperatura (especialmente na pré-eclosão) e pluviosidade (que afetou principalmente a longevidade das larvas). Na fase parasitária, observouse um maior número de parasitos, por animal, no final da estação chuvosa, sendo a média de 61,9 + 48,7, sendo observado o maior pico...
Boophilus microplus, the cattle tick, is a species from the southeast of Asia and it came to Brazil along with colonization. Nowadays, this ectoparasite is found in many places all over the country, causing considerable economic losses. Up to now, the B. microplus control is done by the acaricide usage when host is heavily infested. However, the previous knowledge of tick ecology in every area would allow a strategic control, increasing effectiveness in the acaricide application. Under these conditions, there would be a decrease in the expenses concerning acaricide use due to its effective utilization, the environmental pollution would be smaller because of its lesser use and the acaricide useful life would be longer. Therefore, this project aimed the B. microplus bio-ecological analysis in Franca, in the northeast of São Paulo state. By studying free-living ticks, it has been determined the pre-eclosion period (P.E.), which is the time between the engorged females release and the first larvae eclosion, and the longevity as total time from hatching to death. The maximum P.E. time (112 days) was observed at the end of dry season, in September 2006, while the minimal period was of 63 days in February 2007, being determined a medium period of 83,6 days. The larvae maximum longevity (LONG.) was of 63 days, in May 2006, noticed at the end of rainy season, and the minimal was of 7 days in December 2005, being calculated a medium period of 21,9 days. It was noted a large temperature influence (especially in the pre-eclosion phase) and rainfall influence (which affected mainly the larvae longevity). In the parasitic phase, it was observed a bigger number of parasites per animal at the end of rainy season, getting an average of 61,9 ± 48,7, reaching the highest point in April 2007. It was also realized, in the study area, a number of 4 generations of B. microplus per year, within October 2004 and November 2007.
Boophilus microplus, the cattle tick, is a species from the southeast of Asia and it came to Brazil along with colonization. Nowadays, this ectoparasite is found in many places all over the country, causing considerable economic losses. Up to now, the B. microplus control is done by the acaricide usage when host is heavily infested. However, the previous knowledge of tick ecology in every area would allow a strategic control, increasing effectiveness in the acaricide application. Under these conditions, there would be a decrease in the expenses concerning acaricide use due to its effective utilization, the environmental pollution would be smaller because of its lesser use and the acaricide useful life would be longer. Therefore, this project aimed the B. microplus bio-ecological analysis in Franca, in the northeast of São Paulo state. By studying free-living ticks, it has been determined the pre-eclosion period (P.E.), which is the time between the engorged females release and the first larvae eclosion, and the longevity as total time from hatching to death. The maximum P.E. time (112 days) was observed at the end of dry season, in September 2006, while the minimal period was of 63 days in February 2007, being determined a medium period of 83,6 days. The larvae maximum longevity (LONG.) was of 63 days, in May 2006, noticed at the end of rainy season, and the minimal was of 7 days in December 2005, being calculated a medium period of 21,9 days. It was noted a large temperature influence (especially in the pre-eclosion phase) and rainfall influence (which affected mainly the larvae longevity). In the parasitic phase, it was observed a bigger number of parasites per animal at the end of rainy season, getting an average of 61,9 ± 48,7, reaching the highest point in April 2007. It was also realized, in the study area, a number of 4 generations of B. microplus per year, within October 2004 and November 2007.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Carrapato de bovino - Controle biologico, Temperatura, Boophilus microplus, Pluviosidade, Tick, Cattle, Temperature, Rainfall
Como citar
PEREIRA, Amílcar Alarcon. Aspectos ecológicos de Boophilus microplus (CANESTRINI, 1887) (ACARINA: IXODIDAE) no município de Franca, nordeste de São Paulo. 2008. vi, 106 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2008.