Qualidade extrínseca de peles e couros bovinos: um levantamento em sete estados brasileiros
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Data
2013-02-01
Autores
Oliveira, Alexandra Rocha de [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
A indústria coureira brasileira vem contribuindo de forma positiva e crescente para o saldo da balança comercial do país. O valor das exportações de couros e peles em 2011 foi de US$ 2 bilhões, e acredita-se que em 2012 os valores devem ultrapassar essa marca. Apesar do quadro favorável, a baixa qualidade da matéria-prima nacional tem limitado desempenhos mais expressivos do setor industrial, e o principal fator limitante à melhoria desta é a inexistência de um sistema de remuneração diferencial pela qualidade da matéria-prima, possível de ser estabelecido a partir de programas de classificação de couros e peles. O Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) estabeleceu, em 2002, critérios de classificação da pele bovina visando à valorização comercial por meio da Instrução Normativa n. 12, e solicitou à Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) que os validasse. Após estudos, verificou-se que a metodologia proposta pelo MAPA necessitava de ajustes. O presente estudo teve por objetivo identificar e classificar, com uma nova metodologia, 6.832 peles bovinas nos estabelecimentos de abate em Estados que representassem as cinco Regiões do Brasil, além de acompanhar, em estabelecimentos de curtimento, a classificação comercial, feita pelos próprios, dos 6.832 couros e verificar se havia correlação desta com aquela recebida pelas peles nos frigoríficos, bem como identificar os defeitos mais comuns que afetam as peles e os couros brasileiros. Verificou-se que o sistema nacional de classificação das peles bovinas proposto pelo MAPA e modificada pela Embrapa ainda não é o ideal para que se chegue à remuneração do produtor pela qualidade do couro e que o mesmo necessita de adequações técnicas. Constatou-se que as frequências de defeitos como os causados por carrapatos, bernes curados, bernes abertos, riscos abertos, riscos...
The Brazilian leather industry has contributed to the positive and growing trade balance of the country. The value of hides and leathers exports in 2011 was US$ 2 billion, and it is believed that in 2012 the values exceed that mark. Despite the favorable scenario, the low quality of the hides has limited most impressive performances of the industrial sector, and the main limiting factor to this improvement is the lack of a system of differential payment for hide’s quality, which can be established with programs of hides and leathers classification. The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) established, in 2002, criteria for the classification of bovine hide aimed at commercial value through Normative Instruction n. 12, and asked Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) to validate it. After studies, it was found that the methodology proposed by MAPA needed adjustments. This study aimed to identify and classify, with a new methodology, 6,832 hides in slaughterhouses in states that represent the five regions of Brazil, besides monitoring, in tanning establishments, the commercial classification of those 6,832 leathers and see if there was a correlation with that received by skins in slaughterhouses, as well as identifying the most common defects that affect Brazilian skins and leathers. It was found that the national classification system proposed by MAPA is still not ideal to reach the producer payment for the leather quality and that it requires technical adjustments. It was observed that frequencies of defects such as those caused by ticks, cured grubs, open grubs, open risks, closed risks, dermatitis and candent iron mark, both for the hides and leathers classification, are highly heterogeneous with each other. It was also observed that candent iron mark, tick infestations and closed risks are the most commonly defects found in Brazilian leathers
The Brazilian leather industry has contributed to the positive and growing trade balance of the country. The value of hides and leathers exports in 2011 was US$ 2 billion, and it is believed that in 2012 the values exceed that mark. Despite the favorable scenario, the low quality of the hides has limited most impressive performances of the industrial sector, and the main limiting factor to this improvement is the lack of a system of differential payment for hide’s quality, which can be established with programs of hides and leathers classification. The Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA) established, in 2002, criteria for the classification of bovine hide aimed at commercial value through Normative Instruction n. 12, and asked Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) to validate it. After studies, it was found that the methodology proposed by MAPA needed adjustments. This study aimed to identify and classify, with a new methodology, 6,832 hides in slaughterhouses in states that represent the five regions of Brazil, besides monitoring, in tanning establishments, the commercial classification of those 6,832 leathers and see if there was a correlation with that received by skins in slaughterhouses, as well as identifying the most common defects that affect Brazilian skins and leathers. It was found that the national classification system proposed by MAPA is still not ideal to reach the producer payment for the leather quality and that it requires technical adjustments. It was observed that frequencies of defects such as those caused by ticks, cured grubs, open grubs, open risks, closed risks, dermatitis and candent iron mark, both for the hides and leathers classification, are highly heterogeneous with each other. It was also observed that candent iron mark, tick infestations and closed risks are the most commonly defects found in Brazilian leathers
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Bovino, Couros - Defeitos, Couros - Industria, Controle de qualidade, Qualidade dos produtos, Leather
Como citar
OLIVEIRA, Alexandra Rocha de. Qualidade extrínseca de peles e couros bovinos: um levantamento em sete estados brasileiros. 2013. xiv, 68 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2013.