Plantas na agregação e no acúmulo de carbono orgânico em latossolo
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Data
2012-06-15
Autores
Martins, Márcio dos Reis [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral determinar como as plantas influenciam a estabilidade de agregados, a composição de carboidratos, o acúmulo de C orgânico do solo (COS) e de C microbiano em um Latossolo Vermelho. Na primeira parte do estudo, verificou-se que as sequências de culturas com milho (Zea mays L.) no verão e as milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) Leeke) e sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) no inverno proporcionaram maior diâmetro médio ponderado (DMP) de agregados estáveis do solo. Assim como observado para o DMP, as sequências de culturas envolvendo milho no verão proporcionaram os maiores teores de xilose do solo. A menor proporção de carboidratos de origem microbiana em relação aos de origem vegetal foram observados com o cultivo mais frequente de espécies de monocotiledôneas. Na segunda parte do estudo, notou-se que os maiores valores de C presente como matéria orgânica particulada (C-MOP) do solo foram encontrados sob cultivo de guandu, o qual proporcionou valores 54%, 46% e 48% maiores em relação ao cultivo de milho, girassol e nabo forrageiro, respectivamente. As variações nos teores de C-MOP explicaram o efeito das culturas nos teores de COS. Notou-se um acúmulo conjunto de C-MOP e de resíduos fúngicos e bacterianos no solo. Na terceira parte do estudo, verificou-se que os materiais de monocotiledôneas adicionados ao solo apresentaram as maiores taxas de mineralização do compartimento de C não lábil (k), os maiores teores de pentose do solo e o maior DMP de agregados do solo em comparação à testemunha e às dicotiledôneas, em período posterior de decomposição. Isso sugere que k e teores de pentoses do solo controlam a estabilidade de agregados do Latossolo em período tardio de incubação. O efeito da decomposição dos materiais vegetais na agregação do solo ocorreu independente da variação da quantidade do teor de COS
The general aim of this study was to determine how the plants influence the aggregate stability, carbohydrate composition and accumulation of soil organic C and microbial C of an Oxisol. In the first part of this study, it was found that summer crop sequences involving corn (Zea mays L.) and the winter crops millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) Leeke) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) provided the highest mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregate. The crop sequences involving corn in summer also provided the highest soil xylose contents. The lowest proportions of carbohydrates of microbial origin in relation to those of plant origin were found in soil under most frequent cultivation of plant species from monocots. In second part of this study, it was found that soil organic C content with pigeon pea was 20% higher compared to corn and 18% higher compared to sunflower. Likewise, the highest values of C associated to soil particulate organic matter (C-POM) was found with pigeon pea cultivation, which provided 54%, 46% and 48% higher contents than corn, sunflower and oilseed radish, respectively. The variation in C-POM explained the crop effects on soil organic C content. The results of the present study showed a co-accumulation of C-POM and microbial residues in soil. In the third part of this study, it was found that monocots plant materials presented the highest mineralization rates of non-labile pool of C (k), soil pentose content, plant pentose input and soil aggregate MWD. The results of the present study suggest that non-labile C pool, especially related to pentoses, controls the soil aggregation of an Oxisol in long-term. This effect appears to be independent of the variation in soil organic C content
The general aim of this study was to determine how the plants influence the aggregate stability, carbohydrate composition and accumulation of soil organic C and microbial C of an Oxisol. In the first part of this study, it was found that summer crop sequences involving corn (Zea mays L.) and the winter crops millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) Leeke) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) provided the highest mean weight diameter (MWD) of soil aggregate. The crop sequences involving corn in summer also provided the highest soil xylose contents. The lowest proportions of carbohydrates of microbial origin in relation to those of plant origin were found in soil under most frequent cultivation of plant species from monocots. In second part of this study, it was found that soil organic C content with pigeon pea was 20% higher compared to corn and 18% higher compared to sunflower. Likewise, the highest values of C associated to soil particulate organic matter (C-POM) was found with pigeon pea cultivation, which provided 54%, 46% and 48% higher contents than corn, sunflower and oilseed radish, respectively. The variation in C-POM explained the crop effects on soil organic C content. The results of the present study showed a co-accumulation of C-POM and microbial residues in soil. In the third part of this study, it was found that monocots plant materials presented the highest mineralization rates of non-labile pool of C (k), soil pentose content, plant pentose input and soil aggregate MWD. The results of the present study suggest that non-labile C pool, especially related to pentoses, controls the soil aggregation of an Oxisol in long-term. This effect appears to be independent of the variation in soil organic C content
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Manejo, Solos - Agregação, Estrutura do solo, Matéria orgânica, Rotação de cultivos, Carbono, Crop rotation, Soil aggregation, Soil carbohydrates, soil organic matter
Como citar
MARTINS, Márcio dos Reis. Plantas na agregação e no acúmulo de carbono orgânico em latossolo. 2012. xi, 110 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2012.