Substratos e estaquia na produção de mudas de cacaueiro
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Data
2007-05-03
Autores
Sodré, George Andrade [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi preparar substratos com base orgânica formada de composto do tegumento da amêndoa do cacau CTAC e serragens, misturados à areia, e utilizá-los na produção de mudas de cacaueiro por miniestaquia. Dessa forma, realizaram-se cinco experimentos. Inicialmente foram determinados modelos para retenção de água usando os métodos do funil de tensão e força centrífuga em equivalente de umidade e conclusão de que a centrifugação expressa valores da retenção de água próximos ou iguais àqueles encontrados com o funil. Em outro experimento sobre monitoramento químico verificou-se que a serragem pode ser usada sem pré-lavagem enquanto o CTAC depende desta prática. Ao comparar o crescimento de miniestacas com 4 e 8 cm de comprimento, enraizadas em meio arenoso e transplantadas para sacos de polietileno de 3,4 dm3, verificou-se não haver diferenças significativas entre os comprimentos testados. Outro trabalho cujo objetivo foi verificar a influência de substratos no enraizamento dos clones CCN-51, Cepec-2006, TSA -792 e TSH-1188, usando miniestacas de 4 a 6 cm de comprimento, concluiu que a serragem para o clone TSA -792 e a mistura serragem + CTAC para Cepec-2006 foram superiores ao TSH -1188 para a massa da matéria seca da parte aérea. Finalmente, realizou-se trabalho de caracterização física e avaliação do efeito de substratos à base de serragem e dois recipientes no crescimento de mudas de cacaueiro, no qual verificou-se que o transplante para sacos de 840 cm3 possibilitou maior crescimento das plantas comparado à manutenção em tubetes de 288 cm3 e que a serragem do município de Una-BA, misturada na proporção serragem: areia em 4:1 e 2:1 (v:v), pode ser recomendada para produção de mudas do clone TSH 1188.
The objective of this work was to prepare substrates with an organic base formed from composted cacao hulls (CTAC), and sawdust mixed with sand and to use these in the production of cacao saplings from mini-cuttings. Five experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, water retention curves were determined for the substrates using two methods, tension funnels and centrifugation by moisture equivalent method. It was found that centrifugation exhibits retention water values close to or equal to those determined by the funnel method. The following experiment on the chemical properties of substrates verified that sawdust could be used without pre-washing whereas CTAC required rinsing. The comparison of the growth of mini-cuttings of 4 and 8 cm lengths rooted in a sandy medium and transplanted into polyethylene bags of 3.4 dm3 showed no significant differences between the two lengths tested. Other experiment whose aim was to verify the influence of substrates on the rooting of clones CCN-51, Cepec 2006, TSA 792 and TSH 1188, concluded that sawdust for clone TSA 792, and a mixture of sawdust and CTAC for clone Cepec 2006, performed better than TSH 1188 in terms of aboveground dry biomass production. The last work on the physical characterization and the evaluation of the effect of substrates and containers on the growth of the cuttings showed that transplanting into bags of 840 cm3 enabled greater growth compared to tubettes of 288 cm3. Furthermore, the sawdust derived from the Una-BA district mixed in pure sand at a ratio 4:1 and 2:1 (v:v) could be recommended for the production of cuttings of the clone TSH 1188.
The objective of this work was to prepare substrates with an organic base formed from composted cacao hulls (CTAC), and sawdust mixed with sand and to use these in the production of cacao saplings from mini-cuttings. Five experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, water retention curves were determined for the substrates using two methods, tension funnels and centrifugation by moisture equivalent method. It was found that centrifugation exhibits retention water values close to or equal to those determined by the funnel method. The following experiment on the chemical properties of substrates verified that sawdust could be used without pre-washing whereas CTAC required rinsing. The comparison of the growth of mini-cuttings of 4 and 8 cm lengths rooted in a sandy medium and transplanted into polyethylene bags of 3.4 dm3 showed no significant differences between the two lengths tested. Other experiment whose aim was to verify the influence of substrates on the rooting of clones CCN-51, Cepec 2006, TSA 792 and TSH 1188, concluded that sawdust for clone TSA 792, and a mixture of sawdust and CTAC for clone Cepec 2006, performed better than TSH 1188 in terms of aboveground dry biomass production. The last work on the physical characterization and the evaluation of the effect of substrates and containers on the growth of the cuttings showed that transplanting into bags of 840 cm3 enabled greater growth compared to tubettes of 288 cm3. Furthermore, the sawdust derived from the Una-BA district mixed in pure sand at a ratio 4:1 and 2:1 (v:v) could be recommended for the production of cuttings of the clone TSH 1188.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Cacaueiro - Cultivo, Cacaueiro - Mudas, Cultivo sem solo, Cocoa growth, Vegetative propagation, soilless growth
Como citar
SODRÉ, George Andrade. Substratos e estaquia na produção de mudas de cacaueiro. 2007. xviii, 85 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2007.