Controle biológico de Sagittaria montevidensis com Cylindrocarpon sp
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Data
2007-07-11
Autores
Fiorillo, Claudia Maria Toffanelli [UNESP]
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Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Sagittaria montevidensis é uma planta aquática emergente, de difícil controle desde que se tornou problemática em arroz irrigado. Infestante em corpos hídricos de usinas hidrelétricas, o biocontrole com o fungo Cylindrocarpon sp. empregado na estratégia inundativa, tem sido sugerido para manejo dessa macrófita onde o uso do controle químico tem se mostrado ineficiente devido ao desenvolvimento de resistência aos herbicidas inibidores da enzima ALS (acetolactato sintase). O presente trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação e no laboratório de Controle Biológico de Plantas Daninhas Prof. Giorgio de Marinis, da FCAV – UNESP, Jaboticabal, visando avaliar a especificidade do agente de biocontrole em plantas não alvo de diferentes famílias botânicas e determinar a severidade da doença em função do número e intervalos de aplicações do bioherbicida, do período de orvalho e idade da planta além de estimar os efeitos de adjuvantes sobre o desenvolvimento de Cylindrocarpon sp. no controle de S. montevidensis. O fungo mostrou-se específico a S. montevidensis, não sendo constatado sintomas da infecção fúngica em plantas de interesse econômico e nas plantas aquáticas Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes, E. azurea, Salvinia sp., Azolla caroliniana, Lemna minor, Heteranthera reniformis, Hydrocotyle verticillata, Pontederia rotundifolia, P. parviflora, P. cordata, Polygonum lapathifolium, Ludwigia sedoides, L. elegans, L. repens, L. helminthorrhiza, Potamogeton pectinatus, Cerathophylum demersum, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Egeria densa, E. najas, Najas guadalupensis, Hydrilla verticillata, Alternanthera phyloxeroides, Nimphoides indica. A doença foi mais severa quando o bioherbicida foi aplicado em plantas com 3 a 4 folhas e na fase de inflorescência, submetidas as condições de período de orvalho superior a 6 horas...
Sagittaria montevidensis is a very important aquatic in shallow water bodies in wetland rice, mainly recentely because tolerant biotipes is raising in areas with repetitive spraying with ALS inhibitor herbicide. The fungus Cylindrocarpon sp. has a good potential as biocontrol agent for this control action of this fungus against S. montevidensis under different conditions of spore concentration, dew period, number and intervals of spraying and surfactants adittion in the spraying solution. The fungus specificity also was evaluated in aquatic and crop plants. The fungus showed high specificity to S. montevidensis. The disease severity was more strong when the plants were inoculated a 3-4 leaf stage and during blooming. A dew period longer than 6 hours was enough for to reach the maximum disease severity. Two a three spraying with the fungus enhanced the disease severity comparing with a single application and the intervals of 21 days between spraying produced better control than intervals of 7 and 14 days. Among the surfactants, Silwet L-77AG and Iharaguen-S improved the disease severity while Energic and Herbitensil reduced the Cylindrocarpon sp. disease severity.
Sagittaria montevidensis is a very important aquatic in shallow water bodies in wetland rice, mainly recentely because tolerant biotipes is raising in areas with repetitive spraying with ALS inhibitor herbicide. The fungus Cylindrocarpon sp. has a good potential as biocontrol agent for this control action of this fungus against S. montevidensis under different conditions of spore concentration, dew period, number and intervals of spraying and surfactants adittion in the spraying solution. The fungus specificity also was evaluated in aquatic and crop plants. The fungus showed high specificity to S. montevidensis. The disease severity was more strong when the plants were inoculated a 3-4 leaf stage and during blooming. A dew period longer than 6 hours was enough for to reach the maximum disease severity. Two a three spraying with the fungus enhanced the disease severity comparing with a single application and the intervals of 21 days between spraying produced better control than intervals of 7 and 14 days. Among the surfactants, Silwet L-77AG and Iharaguen-S improved the disease severity while Energic and Herbitensil reduced the Cylindrocarpon sp. disease severity.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Adjuvant, Bioherbicide, Mycelial growth, Host range, Aquatic plant, Dew period, Plantas aquáticas, Crescimento, Sistemas de controle biologico, Bioherbicidas, Sanidade, Adjuvantes, Gama de hospedeiros, Período de orvalho
Como citar
FIORILLO, Claudia Maria Toffanelli. Controle biológico de Sagittaria montevidensis com Cylindrocarpon sp. 2007. x, 78 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2007.