Efeito da compactação do solo e do conteúdo de água nas características agronômicas de soja e arroz de sequeiro
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Data
2003-11-27
Autores
Beutler, Amauri Nelson [UNESP]
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Editor
Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)
Resumo
Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito da compactação do solo e do conteúdo de água nas características agronômicas de soja e arroz de sequeiro em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico, textura média (LVd) e um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico argiloso (LVef). Para tal, foram coletadas amostras na profundidade de 0,0 - 0,20 m e passadas em peneira de 0,004 m e adubadas conforme a recomendação. O solo foi compactado em vasos de 9,82 L (0,20 m de altura e 0,25 m de diâmetro) em camadas de 0,03 m, estabelecendo-se três níveis de compactação no experimento 1 (Capítulos 2 e 3) e quatro níveis no experimento 2 (Capítulos 4, 5, 6 e 7). Nesses dois experimentos utilizaram-se dois conteúdos de água (retenção de água nas tensões de 0,05 e 0,01 MPa). Após a compactação foram semeadas três sementes por cova (quatro covas vaso-1), e sete dias após foram desbastadas deixando duas plantas de soja e quatro de arroz por vaso. O terceiro experimento (Capítulos 8 e 9) foi conduzido no campo, apenas no LVd e com soja, no qual os cinco níveis de compactação corresponderam ao número de passadas de um trator de 11 Mg, uma ao lado da outra, sobre a superfície do solo, em parcelas de 9 m2, com quatro repetições. Em todos os experimentos, após a semeadura, foram determinados atributos físicos e características agronômicas das plantas nos diferentes níveis de compactação. Por meio dos resultados, em casa de vegetação, verificou-se que no LVd as duas culturas toleraram menores níveis de compactação em relação ao LVef e, que uma pequena compactação aumentou a produção das plantas de soja e arroz, no maior conteúdo de água no solo (Tensão de 0,01 MPa). No menor conteúdo de água (Tensão de 0,05 MPa) foram obtidas menores produtividades e, em geral, ocorreu decréscimo em menores níveis de compactação do solo. No experimento de campo, no LVd... .
This study objectived evaluate the effect of soil compaction and water content in agronomics characteristics of soybean and dry land rice in a Oxisol, medium texture (LVd) and a clayey Oxissol (LVef). For such, samples were collected in 0.0 - 0.20 m depth and passed in mash of 0.004 m and fertilized as the recommendation. The soil was compacted in pots of 9.82 L (0.20 m of height and 0.25 m diameter) in 0.03 m layers, establishing itself three levels of compaction in experiment 1 (Chapters 2 and 3) and four levels in experiment 2 (Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7). In these two experiments it was used two water contents (water retention in the 0.01 and 0.05 MPa tension). After the compaction it was sown three seeds for hollows (four hollows pot-1), and seven days after was roughed-hew leaving two plants of soybean and four of rice for pot. The third experiment (Chapters 8 and 9) was carried out in field, only in the LVd and with soybean, in which the five levels of compaction corresponded to the number of passed of a 11 Mg tractor, one to the side of the other, on the soil surface, in 9 m2 plots, with four replications. In all experiments, after the sowing, were determined physical attributes and agronomics characteristic of the plants in the different levels of compaction. By means of the results, in greenhouse, it was conclude that in LVd the two cultures had tolerated smallers levels of compaction in relation to the LVef and, that a small compaction increased the production of the plants, in the greater soil water content (0.01 MPa tension). In the smaller water content (0.05 MPa tension) smaller yields were obtained and, in general, decrease in smaller levels of soil compactiion. In the field experiment, in the LVd, the soybean yield was reduced from the resistance to penetration of 0.85 MPa.
This study objectived evaluate the effect of soil compaction and water content in agronomics characteristics of soybean and dry land rice in a Oxisol, medium texture (LVd) and a clayey Oxissol (LVef). For such, samples were collected in 0.0 - 0.20 m depth and passed in mash of 0.004 m and fertilized as the recommendation. The soil was compacted in pots of 9.82 L (0.20 m of height and 0.25 m diameter) in 0.03 m layers, establishing itself three levels of compaction in experiment 1 (Chapters 2 and 3) and four levels in experiment 2 (Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7). In these two experiments it was used two water contents (water retention in the 0.01 and 0.05 MPa tension). After the compaction it was sown three seeds for hollows (four hollows pot-1), and seven days after was roughed-hew leaving two plants of soybean and four of rice for pot. The third experiment (Chapters 8 and 9) was carried out in field, only in the LVd and with soybean, in which the five levels of compaction corresponded to the number of passed of a 11 Mg tractor, one to the side of the other, on the soil surface, in 9 m2 plots, with four replications. In all experiments, after the sowing, were determined physical attributes and agronomics characteristic of the plants in the different levels of compaction. By means of the results, in greenhouse, it was conclude that in LVd the two cultures had tolerated smallers levels of compaction in relation to the LVef and, that a small compaction increased the production of the plants, in the greater soil water content (0.01 MPa tension). In the smaller water content (0.05 MPa tension) smaller yields were obtained and, in general, decrease in smaller levels of soil compactiion. In the field experiment, in the LVd, the soybean yield was reduced from the resistance to penetration of 0.85 MPa.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Solos - Compactação, Soja, Arroz de sequeiro, Produtividade agrícola
Como citar
BEUTLER, Amauri Nelson. Efeito da compactação do solo e do conteúdo de água nas características agronômicas de soja e arroz de sequeiro. 2003. vii, 126 f. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, 2003.